Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment
Excessive soil loss and sediment yield in the highlands of Ethiopia are the primary factors that accelerate the decline of land productivity, water resources, operation and function of existing water infrastructure, as well as soil and water management practices. This study was conducted at Finchaa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/6/650 |
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| author | Wakjira Takala Dibaba Tamene Adugna Demissie Konrad Miegel |
| author_facet | Wakjira Takala Dibaba Tamene Adugna Demissie Konrad Miegel |
| author_sort | Wakjira Takala Dibaba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Excessive soil loss and sediment yield in the highlands of Ethiopia are the primary factors that accelerate the decline of land productivity, water resources, operation and function of existing water infrastructure, as well as soil and water management practices. This study was conducted at Finchaa catchment in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia to estimate the rate of soil erosion and sediment loss and prioritize the most sensitive sub-watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the observed streamflow and sediment data. The average annual sediment yield (SY) in Finchaa catchment for the period 1990–2015 was 36.47 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> with the annual yield varying from negligible to about 107.2 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>. Five sub-basins which account for about 24.83% of the area were predicted to suffer severely from soil erosion risks, with SY in excess of 50 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>. Only 15.05% of the area within the tolerable rate of loss (below 11 ton ha<sup>−1</sup>yr<sup>−1</sup>) was considered as the least prioritized areas for maintenance of crop production. Despite the reasonable reduction of sediment yields by the management scenarios, the reduction by contour farming, slope terracing, zero free grazing and reforestation were still above the tolerable soil loss. Vegetative contour strips and soil bund were significant in reducing SY below the tolerable soil loss, which is equivalent to 63.9% and 64.8% reduction, respectively. In general, effective and sustainable soil erosion management requires not only prioritizations of the erosion hotspots but also prioritizations of the most effective management practices. We believe that the results provided new and updated insights that enable a proactive approach to preserve the soil and reduce land degradation risks that could allow resource regeneration. |
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| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:17:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-02c7f538c2cb4f87a4449537185898002023-11-22T00:39:58ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2021-06-0110665010.3390/land10060650Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa CatchmentWakjira Takala Dibaba0Tamene Adugna Demissie1Konrad Miegel2Hydrology and Applied Meteorology Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Satower Str. 48, 18059 Rostock, GermanyFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma 378, EthiopiaHydrology and Applied Meteorology Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Satower Str. 48, 18059 Rostock, GermanyExcessive soil loss and sediment yield in the highlands of Ethiopia are the primary factors that accelerate the decline of land productivity, water resources, operation and function of existing water infrastructure, as well as soil and water management practices. This study was conducted at Finchaa catchment in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia to estimate the rate of soil erosion and sediment loss and prioritize the most sensitive sub-watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the observed streamflow and sediment data. The average annual sediment yield (SY) in Finchaa catchment for the period 1990–2015 was 36.47 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> with the annual yield varying from negligible to about 107.2 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>. Five sub-basins which account for about 24.83% of the area were predicted to suffer severely from soil erosion risks, with SY in excess of 50 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>. Only 15.05% of the area within the tolerable rate of loss (below 11 ton ha<sup>−1</sup>yr<sup>−1</sup>) was considered as the least prioritized areas for maintenance of crop production. Despite the reasonable reduction of sediment yields by the management scenarios, the reduction by contour farming, slope terracing, zero free grazing and reforestation were still above the tolerable soil loss. Vegetative contour strips and soil bund were significant in reducing SY below the tolerable soil loss, which is equivalent to 63.9% and 64.8% reduction, respectively. In general, effective and sustainable soil erosion management requires not only prioritizations of the erosion hotspots but also prioritizations of the most effective management practices. We believe that the results provided new and updated insights that enable a proactive approach to preserve the soil and reduce land degradation risks that could allow resource regeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/6/650Finchaamanagementsoil erosionSWAT modeltolerable soil loss |
| spellingShingle | Wakjira Takala Dibaba Tamene Adugna Demissie Konrad Miegel Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment Land Finchaa management soil erosion SWAT model tolerable soil loss |
| title | Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment |
| title_full | Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment |
| title_fullStr | Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment |
| title_short | Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment |
| title_sort | prioritization of sub watersheds to sediment yield and evaluation of best management practices in highland ethiopia finchaa catchment |
| topic | Finchaa management soil erosion SWAT model tolerable soil loss |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/6/650 |
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