SN 2016ije: An SN 2002es-like Type Ia Supernova Exploded in a Metal-poor and Low-surface Brightness Galaxy
We have conducted photometric and spectroscopic observations of the peculiar Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2016ije that was discovered through the Tsinghua-NAOC Transient Survey. This peculiar object exploded in the outskirts of a metal-poor, low-surface brightness galaxy (i.e., M _g = −14.5 mag). Our p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accde3 |
| _version_ | 1827826936241455104 |
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| author | Zhitong Li Tianmeng Zhang Xiaofeng Wang Jujia Zhang Lluís Galbany Alexei V. Filippenko Thomas G. Brink Chris Ashall WeiKang Zheng Thomas de Jaeger Fabio Ragosta Maxime Deckers Mariusz Gromadzki D. R. Young Gaobo Xi Juncheng Chen Xulin Zhao Hanna Sai Shengyu Yan Danfeng Xiang Zhihao Chen Wenxiong Li Bo Wang Hu Zou Jipeng Sui Jiali Wang Jun Ma Jundan Nie Suijian Xue Xu Zhou Zhimin Zhou |
| author_facet | Zhitong Li Tianmeng Zhang Xiaofeng Wang Jujia Zhang Lluís Galbany Alexei V. Filippenko Thomas G. Brink Chris Ashall WeiKang Zheng Thomas de Jaeger Fabio Ragosta Maxime Deckers Mariusz Gromadzki D. R. Young Gaobo Xi Juncheng Chen Xulin Zhao Hanna Sai Shengyu Yan Danfeng Xiang Zhihao Chen Wenxiong Li Bo Wang Hu Zou Jipeng Sui Jiali Wang Jun Ma Jundan Nie Suijian Xue Xu Zhou Zhimin Zhou |
| author_sort | Zhitong Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We have conducted photometric and spectroscopic observations of the peculiar Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2016ije that was discovered through the Tsinghua-NAOC Transient Survey. This peculiar object exploded in the outskirts of a metal-poor, low-surface brightness galaxy (i.e., M _g = −14.5 mag). Our photometric analysis reveals that SN 2016ije is subluminous ( ${M}_{B,\max }$ = −17.65 ± 0.06 mag) but exhibits relatively broad light curves (Δ m _15 ( B ) = 1.35 ± 0.14 mag), similar to the behavior of SN 2002es. Our analysis of the bolometric light curve indicates that only 0.14 ± 0.04 M _⊙ of ^56 Ni was synthesized in the explosion of SN 2016ije, which suggests a less energetic thermonuclear explosion when compared to normal SNe Ia, and this left a considerable amount of unburned materials in the ejecta. Spectroscopically, SN 2016ije resembles other SN 2002es-like SNe Ia, except that the ejecta velocity inferred from its carbon absorption line (∼4500 km s ^−1 ) is much lower than that from silicon lines (∼8300 km s ^−1 ) at around the maximum light. Additionally, most of the absorption lines are broader than other 02es-like SNe Ia. These peculiarities suggest the presence of significant unburned carbon in the inner region and a wide line-forming region along the line of sight. These characteristics suggest that SN 2016ije might originate from the violent merger of a white dwarf binary system, when viewed near an orientation along the iron-group-element cavity caused by the companion star. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:19:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02cb7d07c7794d0b8150a31d68c136bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:19:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-02cb7d07c7794d0b8150a31d68c136bf2023-09-03T14:02:13ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0195011710.3847/1538-4357/accde3SN 2016ije: An SN 2002es-like Type Ia Supernova Exploded in a Metal-poor and Low-surface Brightness GalaxyZhitong Li0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-163XTianmeng Zhang1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8531-5161Xiaofeng Wang2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-2357Jujia Zhang3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8296-2590Lluís Galbany4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1296-6887Alexei V. Filippenko5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-0103Thomas G. Brink6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-2502Chris Ashall7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5221-7557WeiKang Zheng8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-6508Thomas de Jaeger9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6069-1139Fabio Ragosta10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2132-3610Maxime Deckers11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-9843Mariusz Gromadzki12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1650-1518D. R. Young13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-2499Gaobo Xi14Juncheng Chen15Xulin Zhao16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-2358Hanna Sai17Shengyu Yan18Danfeng Xiang19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1089-1519Zhihao Chen20https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-4652Wenxiong Li21Bo Wang22https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-1167Hu Zou23https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-3997Jipeng Sui24Jiali Wang25Jun Ma26https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6329-6644Jundan Nie27https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6590-8122Suijian Xue28https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-0432Xu Zhou29Zhimin Zhou30Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China zhangtm@nao.cas.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 101408, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 101408, People’s Republic of China; Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology, National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaPhysics Department and Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics (THCA), Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China wang_xf@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; Beijing Planetarium, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology , Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of ChinaYunnan Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USADepartment of Physics , Virginia Tech, 850 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAINAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via di Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), ItalySchool of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin 2, IrelandAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, PolandAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, UKPhysics Department and Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics (THCA), Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China wang_xf@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnWu Zhou University , Wuzhou 543002, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Physics, Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of ChinaPhysics Department and Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics (THCA), Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China wang_xf@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnPhysics Department and Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics (THCA), Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China wang_xf@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnPhysics Department and Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics (THCA), Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China wang_xf@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnPhysics Department and Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics (THCA), Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China wang_xf@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnThe School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelYunnan Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China zhangtm@nao.cas.cnKey Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China zhangtm@nao.cas.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 101408, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China zhangtm@nao.cas.cnKey Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China zhangtm@nao.cas.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 101408, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China zhangtm@nao.cas.cnKey Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China zhangtm@nao.cas.cnKey Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China zhangtm@nao.cas.cnKey Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China zhangtm@nao.cas.cnWe have conducted photometric and spectroscopic observations of the peculiar Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2016ije that was discovered through the Tsinghua-NAOC Transient Survey. This peculiar object exploded in the outskirts of a metal-poor, low-surface brightness galaxy (i.e., M _g = −14.5 mag). Our photometric analysis reveals that SN 2016ije is subluminous ( ${M}_{B,\max }$ = −17.65 ± 0.06 mag) but exhibits relatively broad light curves (Δ m _15 ( B ) = 1.35 ± 0.14 mag), similar to the behavior of SN 2002es. Our analysis of the bolometric light curve indicates that only 0.14 ± 0.04 M _⊙ of ^56 Ni was synthesized in the explosion of SN 2016ije, which suggests a less energetic thermonuclear explosion when compared to normal SNe Ia, and this left a considerable amount of unburned materials in the ejecta. Spectroscopically, SN 2016ije resembles other SN 2002es-like SNe Ia, except that the ejecta velocity inferred from its carbon absorption line (∼4500 km s ^−1 ) is much lower than that from silicon lines (∼8300 km s ^−1 ) at around the maximum light. Additionally, most of the absorption lines are broader than other 02es-like SNe Ia. These peculiarities suggest the presence of significant unburned carbon in the inner region and a wide line-forming region along the line of sight. These characteristics suggest that SN 2016ije might originate from the violent merger of a white dwarf binary system, when viewed near an orientation along the iron-group-element cavity caused by the companion star.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accde3SupernovaeType Ia supernovae |
| spellingShingle | Zhitong Li Tianmeng Zhang Xiaofeng Wang Jujia Zhang Lluís Galbany Alexei V. Filippenko Thomas G. Brink Chris Ashall WeiKang Zheng Thomas de Jaeger Fabio Ragosta Maxime Deckers Mariusz Gromadzki D. R. Young Gaobo Xi Juncheng Chen Xulin Zhao Hanna Sai Shengyu Yan Danfeng Xiang Zhihao Chen Wenxiong Li Bo Wang Hu Zou Jipeng Sui Jiali Wang Jun Ma Jundan Nie Suijian Xue Xu Zhou Zhimin Zhou SN 2016ije: An SN 2002es-like Type Ia Supernova Exploded in a Metal-poor and Low-surface Brightness Galaxy The Astrophysical Journal Supernovae Type Ia supernovae |
| title | SN 2016ije: An SN 2002es-like Type Ia Supernova Exploded in a Metal-poor and Low-surface Brightness Galaxy |
| title_full | SN 2016ije: An SN 2002es-like Type Ia Supernova Exploded in a Metal-poor and Low-surface Brightness Galaxy |
| title_fullStr | SN 2016ije: An SN 2002es-like Type Ia Supernova Exploded in a Metal-poor and Low-surface Brightness Galaxy |
| title_full_unstemmed | SN 2016ije: An SN 2002es-like Type Ia Supernova Exploded in a Metal-poor and Low-surface Brightness Galaxy |
| title_short | SN 2016ije: An SN 2002es-like Type Ia Supernova Exploded in a Metal-poor and Low-surface Brightness Galaxy |
| title_sort | sn 2016ije an sn 2002es like type ia supernova exploded in a metal poor and low surface brightness galaxy |
| topic | Supernovae Type Ia supernovae |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accde3 |
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