A study of handwriting sample in geriatric population with cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional observational study
Objectives: Cognitive impairment in the geriatric population often remains undiagnosed until progressed enough to cause interruptions in activities of daily living. Routine tests are time taking, requiring a specialist. Handwriting function reflects the brain's cognitive capacity by involving i...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Geriatric Mental Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.jgmh.org/article.asp?issn=2348-9995;year=2022;volume=9;issue=2;spage=79;epage=86;aulast=Heijebu |
| _version_ | 1797645610982047744 |
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| author | V Suresh Heijebu Bhupendra Singh Shrikant Srivastava Shivendra Kumar Singh |
| author_facet | V Suresh Heijebu Bhupendra Singh Shrikant Srivastava Shivendra Kumar Singh |
| author_sort | V Suresh Heijebu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Cognitive impairment in the geriatric population often remains undiagnosed until progressed enough to cause interruptions in activities of daily living. Routine tests are time taking, requiring a specialist. Handwriting function reflects the brain's cognitive capacity by involving it's both halves. It is easy to collect and does not strain the participant, and can aid in the faster diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Materials and Methods: To study handwriting parameters collected with Livescribe Echo Smart Pen and compare them with cognitive scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Hindi (MOCA-H) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Hindi (ACE-H) in a cross-sectional observational study. Handwritten parameters differentiating both cognitive groups were identified and analyzed. Results: The mean age of the study population was 66.4 (5.3) years. The mean MOCA score in the cognitively impaired (CI) and noncognitively (NCI) group was 22.67 and 27.00, respectively. The mean ACE-H score in CI and NCI group was 80.68 and 93.05, respectively. In all handwriting tasks (T1-T3), higher scores were obtained on all parameters in the CI group except text width (TW), stroke frequency (SF), and writing speed (WS). In handwriting task 3 (single letter repetition), WC (word count) was found to be higher in the NCI group. Handwriting parameters of the whole task (TOT, PSPS, TW, TH, NOL, and WS) and text line (MTOL and MTOSS) were found to be helpful in group differentiation in all three tasks. There was a moderate degree of positive correlation with handwriting parameters (PSPS, WS, and WC) and a negative correlation with handwriting parameters (NOPS, TOT, TH, NOL, MHOL, MTOL, and MTOSS) across the tasks with MOCA and ACE scores. Conclusion: Inclusion of quantitative handwriting analysis in neuropsychological assessment can be one step forward towards a simple, reliable, and faster diagnosis of geriatric cognitive impairment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T14:49:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02cda3bf287e44018de4c12ff19c51c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2348-9995 2395-3322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T14:49:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Geriatric Mental Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-02cda3bf287e44018de4c12ff19c51c72023-10-30T09:48:50ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Geriatric Mental Health2348-99952395-33222022-01-0192798610.4103/jgmh.jgmh_39_22A study of handwriting sample in geriatric population with cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional observational studyV Suresh HeijebuBhupendra SinghShrikant SrivastavaShivendra Kumar SinghObjectives: Cognitive impairment in the geriatric population often remains undiagnosed until progressed enough to cause interruptions in activities of daily living. Routine tests are time taking, requiring a specialist. Handwriting function reflects the brain's cognitive capacity by involving it's both halves. It is easy to collect and does not strain the participant, and can aid in the faster diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Materials and Methods: To study handwriting parameters collected with Livescribe Echo Smart Pen and compare them with cognitive scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Hindi (MOCA-H) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Hindi (ACE-H) in a cross-sectional observational study. Handwritten parameters differentiating both cognitive groups were identified and analyzed. Results: The mean age of the study population was 66.4 (5.3) years. The mean MOCA score in the cognitively impaired (CI) and noncognitively (NCI) group was 22.67 and 27.00, respectively. The mean ACE-H score in CI and NCI group was 80.68 and 93.05, respectively. In all handwriting tasks (T1-T3), higher scores were obtained on all parameters in the CI group except text width (TW), stroke frequency (SF), and writing speed (WS). In handwriting task 3 (single letter repetition), WC (word count) was found to be higher in the NCI group. Handwriting parameters of the whole task (TOT, PSPS, TW, TH, NOL, and WS) and text line (MTOL and MTOSS) were found to be helpful in group differentiation in all three tasks. There was a moderate degree of positive correlation with handwriting parameters (PSPS, WS, and WC) and a negative correlation with handwriting parameters (NOPS, TOT, TH, NOL, MHOL, MTOL, and MTOSS) across the tasks with MOCA and ACE scores. Conclusion: Inclusion of quantitative handwriting analysis in neuropsychological assessment can be one step forward towards a simple, reliable, and faster diagnosis of geriatric cognitive impairment.http://www.jgmh.org/article.asp?issn=2348-9995;year=2022;volume=9;issue=2;spage=79;epage=86;aulast=Heijebucognitiongeriatrichandwritingneuropsychological |
| spellingShingle | V Suresh Heijebu Bhupendra Singh Shrikant Srivastava Shivendra Kumar Singh A study of handwriting sample in geriatric population with cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional observational study Journal of Geriatric Mental Health cognition geriatric handwriting neuropsychological |
| title | A study of handwriting sample in geriatric population with cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional observational study |
| title_full | A study of handwriting sample in geriatric population with cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional observational study |
| title_fullStr | A study of handwriting sample in geriatric population with cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional observational study |
| title_full_unstemmed | A study of handwriting sample in geriatric population with cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional observational study |
| title_short | A study of handwriting sample in geriatric population with cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional observational study |
| title_sort | study of handwriting sample in geriatric population with cognitive impairment a cross sectional observational study |
| topic | cognition geriatric handwriting neuropsychological |
| url | http://www.jgmh.org/article.asp?issn=2348-9995;year=2022;volume=9;issue=2;spage=79;epage=86;aulast=Heijebu |
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