Immune-endocrine network in diabetes-tuberculosis nexus: does latent tuberculosis infection confer protection against meta-inflammation and insulin resistance?
Tuberculosis patients with diabetes, have higher sputum bacillary load, delayed sputum conversion, higher rates of drug resistance, higher lung cavitary involvement and extra-pulmonary TB infection, which is called as “Diabetes-Tuberculosis Nexus”. However, recently we have shown a reciprocal relati...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1303338/full |
| _version_ | 1797347456585826304 |
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| author | Vivekanandhan Aravindhan Srinivasan Yuvaraj |
| author_facet | Vivekanandhan Aravindhan Srinivasan Yuvaraj |
| author_sort | Vivekanandhan Aravindhan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tuberculosis patients with diabetes, have higher sputum bacillary load, delayed sputum conversion, higher rates of drug resistance, higher lung cavitary involvement and extra-pulmonary TB infection, which is called as “Diabetes-Tuberculosis Nexus”. However, recently we have shown a reciprocal relationship between latent tuberculosis infection and insulin resistance, which has not been reported before. In this review, we would first discuss about the immune-endocrine network, which operates during pre-diabetes and incipient diabetes and how it confers protection against LTBI. The ability of IR to augment anti-TB immunity and the immunomodulatory effect of LTBI to quench IR were discussed, under IR-LTB antagonism. The ability of diabetes to impair anti-TB immunity and ability of active TB to worsen glycemic control, were discussed under “Diabetes-Tuberculosis Synergy”. The concept of “Fighter Genes” and how they confer protection against TB but susceptibility to IR was elaborated. Finally, we conclude with an evolutionary perspective about how IR and LTBI co-evolved in endemic zones, and have explained the molecular basis of “IR-LTB” Antagonism” and “DM-TB Synergy”, from an evolutionary perspective. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:48:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02cf0b4760904e34957e7aeddcb6221f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:48:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-02cf0b4760904e34957e7aeddcb6221f2024-01-24T14:37:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922024-01-011510.3389/fendo.2024.13033381303338Immune-endocrine network in diabetes-tuberculosis nexus: does latent tuberculosis infection confer protection against meta-inflammation and insulin resistance?Vivekanandhan AravindhanSrinivasan YuvarajTuberculosis patients with diabetes, have higher sputum bacillary load, delayed sputum conversion, higher rates of drug resistance, higher lung cavitary involvement and extra-pulmonary TB infection, which is called as “Diabetes-Tuberculosis Nexus”. However, recently we have shown a reciprocal relationship between latent tuberculosis infection and insulin resistance, which has not been reported before. In this review, we would first discuss about the immune-endocrine network, which operates during pre-diabetes and incipient diabetes and how it confers protection against LTBI. The ability of IR to augment anti-TB immunity and the immunomodulatory effect of LTBI to quench IR were discussed, under IR-LTB antagonism. The ability of diabetes to impair anti-TB immunity and ability of active TB to worsen glycemic control, were discussed under “Diabetes-Tuberculosis Synergy”. The concept of “Fighter Genes” and how they confer protection against TB but susceptibility to IR was elaborated. Finally, we conclude with an evolutionary perspective about how IR and LTBI co-evolved in endemic zones, and have explained the molecular basis of “IR-LTB” Antagonism” and “DM-TB Synergy”, from an evolutionary perspective.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1303338/fulllatent tuberculosisinsulin resistancediabetestuberculosiscytokineshormones |
| spellingShingle | Vivekanandhan Aravindhan Srinivasan Yuvaraj Immune-endocrine network in diabetes-tuberculosis nexus: does latent tuberculosis infection confer protection against meta-inflammation and insulin resistance? Frontiers in Endocrinology latent tuberculosis insulin resistance diabetes tuberculosis cytokines hormones |
| title | Immune-endocrine network in diabetes-tuberculosis nexus: does latent tuberculosis infection confer protection against meta-inflammation and insulin resistance? |
| title_full | Immune-endocrine network in diabetes-tuberculosis nexus: does latent tuberculosis infection confer protection against meta-inflammation and insulin resistance? |
| title_fullStr | Immune-endocrine network in diabetes-tuberculosis nexus: does latent tuberculosis infection confer protection against meta-inflammation and insulin resistance? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune-endocrine network in diabetes-tuberculosis nexus: does latent tuberculosis infection confer protection against meta-inflammation and insulin resistance? |
| title_short | Immune-endocrine network in diabetes-tuberculosis nexus: does latent tuberculosis infection confer protection against meta-inflammation and insulin resistance? |
| title_sort | immune endocrine network in diabetes tuberculosis nexus does latent tuberculosis infection confer protection against meta inflammation and insulin resistance |
| topic | latent tuberculosis insulin resistance diabetes tuberculosis cytokines hormones |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1303338/full |
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