Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Spent Automotive Catalysts: Study of a New Leaching System Using a Complete Factorial Design
The recovery of materials and energy from end-of-life products is increasingly a fundamental factor in the sustainable development of various countries. Recovering metals from different types of waste is not only a practice in support of the environment, but is also a profitable economic activity. F...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/4/479 |
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| author | Pietro Romano Ionela Birloaga Francesco Vegliò |
| author_facet | Pietro Romano Ionela Birloaga Francesco Vegliò |
| author_sort | Pietro Romano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The recovery of materials and energy from end-of-life products is increasingly a fundamental factor in the sustainable development of various countries. Recovering metals from different types of waste is not only a practice in support of the environment, but is also a profitable economic activity. For this reason, exhausted automotive catalysts can become renewable sources of critical raw materials such as Pt, Pd, and Rh. However, recovering Pt and Pd from spent catalysts through an efficient, economical, and green method remains a challenge. This article presents a new leaching process for the hydrometallurgical recovery of Pt and Pd from exhausted automotive catalysts. The leaching solution consists of an aqueous mixture of hydrochloric acid, two organic acids (citric acid and acetic acid) and hydrogen peroxide. A complete factorial plan on two levels (2<sup>k</sup>) was performed in order to evaluate the main effects of the analyzed factors and their interactions. The factors that were presumed to be the most influential on the leaching of Pt and Pd were the concentrations of the different reagents and the reaction time. The optimal circumstances for achieving the largest recovery (over 80% Pt and 100% Pd) were achieved using the following conditions: a concentration of HCl of 5 M, a concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> of 10% wt./vol., a concentration of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub> of 10%vol./vol., and a reaction time of 3 h. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:42:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02d10de57d1d416590fe5d13b12cbab1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:42:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-02d10de57d1d416590fe5d13b12cbab12023-11-17T20:35:15ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2023-03-0113447910.3390/min13040479Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Spent Automotive Catalysts: Study of a New Leaching System Using a Complete Factorial DesignPietro Romano0Ionela Birloaga1Francesco Vegliò2Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and of Economics (DIIIE), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Industrial and Information Engineering and of Economics (DIIIE), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Industrial and Information Engineering and of Economics (DIIIE), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyThe recovery of materials and energy from end-of-life products is increasingly a fundamental factor in the sustainable development of various countries. Recovering metals from different types of waste is not only a practice in support of the environment, but is also a profitable economic activity. For this reason, exhausted automotive catalysts can become renewable sources of critical raw materials such as Pt, Pd, and Rh. However, recovering Pt and Pd from spent catalysts through an efficient, economical, and green method remains a challenge. This article presents a new leaching process for the hydrometallurgical recovery of Pt and Pd from exhausted automotive catalysts. The leaching solution consists of an aqueous mixture of hydrochloric acid, two organic acids (citric acid and acetic acid) and hydrogen peroxide. A complete factorial plan on two levels (2<sup>k</sup>) was performed in order to evaluate the main effects of the analyzed factors and their interactions. The factors that were presumed to be the most influential on the leaching of Pt and Pd were the concentrations of the different reagents and the reaction time. The optimal circumstances for achieving the largest recovery (over 80% Pt and 100% Pd) were achieved using the following conditions: a concentration of HCl of 5 M, a concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> of 10% wt./vol., a concentration of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub> of 10%vol./vol., and a reaction time of 3 h.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/4/479automotive catalystplatinum and palladium recoveryhydrometallurgical processleachingfactorial plan |
| spellingShingle | Pietro Romano Ionela Birloaga Francesco Vegliò Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Spent Automotive Catalysts: Study of a New Leaching System Using a Complete Factorial Design Minerals automotive catalyst platinum and palladium recovery hydrometallurgical process leaching factorial plan |
| title | Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Spent Automotive Catalysts: Study of a New Leaching System Using a Complete Factorial Design |
| title_full | Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Spent Automotive Catalysts: Study of a New Leaching System Using a Complete Factorial Design |
| title_fullStr | Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Spent Automotive Catalysts: Study of a New Leaching System Using a Complete Factorial Design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Spent Automotive Catalysts: Study of a New Leaching System Using a Complete Factorial Design |
| title_short | Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Spent Automotive Catalysts: Study of a New Leaching System Using a Complete Factorial Design |
| title_sort | recovery of platinum and palladium from spent automotive catalysts study of a new leaching system using a complete factorial design |
| topic | automotive catalyst platinum and palladium recovery hydrometallurgical process leaching factorial plan |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/4/479 |
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