Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of the Cation Proton Antiporter (CPA) Family Related to Salt Stress Response in Radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.)
The CPA (cation proton antiporter) family plays an essential role during plant stress tolerance by regulating ionic and pH homeostasis of the cell. Radish fleshy roots are susceptible to abiotic stress during growth and development, especially salt stress. To date, <i>CPA</i> family gene...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Yan Wang Jiali Ying Yang Zhang Liang Xu Wanting Zhang Meng Ni Yuelin Zhu Liwang Liu |
| author_facet | Yan Wang Jiali Ying Yang Zhang Liang Xu Wanting Zhang Meng Ni Yuelin Zhu Liwang Liu |
| author_sort | Yan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The CPA (cation proton antiporter) family plays an essential role during plant stress tolerance by regulating ionic and pH homeostasis of the cell. Radish fleshy roots are susceptible to abiotic stress during growth and development, especially salt stress. To date, <i>CPA</i> family genes have not yet been identified in radish and the biological functions remain unclear. In this study, 60 <i>CPA</i> candidate genes in radish were identified on the whole genome level, which were divided into three subfamilies including the Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger (NHX), K<sup>+</sup> efflux antiporter (KEA), and cation/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger (CHX) families. In total, 58 of the 60 <i>RsCPA</i> genes were localized to the nine chromosomes. RNA-seq. data showed that 60 <i>RsCPA</i> genes had various expression levels in the leaves, roots, cortex, cambium, and xylem at different development stages, as well as under different abiotic stresses. RT–qPCR analysis indicated that all nine <i>RsNHXs</i> genes showed up regulated trends after 250 mM NaCl exposure at 3, 6, 12, and 24h. The <i>RsCPA31 (RsNHX1)</i> gene, which might be the most important members of the RsNHX subfamily, exhibited obvious increased expression levels during 24h salt stress treatment. Heterologous over-and inhibited-expression of <i>RsNHX1</i> in <i>Arabidopsis</i> showed that <i>RsNHX1</i> had a positive function in salt tolerance. Furthermore, a turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV)-induced gene silence (VIGS) system was firstly used to functionally characterize the candidate gene in radish, which showed that plant with the silence of endogenous <i>RsNHX1</i> was more susceptible to the salt stress. According to our results we provide insights into the complexity of the <i>RsCPA</i> gene family and a valuable resource to explore the potential functions of <i>RsCPA</i> genes in radish. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-02d64d03711e41228ab371b384181d3e2023-11-20T19:46:46ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-012121826210.3390/ijms21218262Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of the Cation Proton Antiporter (CPA) Family Related to Salt Stress Response in Radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.)Yan Wang0Jiali Ying1Yang Zhang2Liang Xu3Wanting Zhang4Meng Ni5Yuelin Zhu6Liwang Liu7National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaThe CPA (cation proton antiporter) family plays an essential role during plant stress tolerance by regulating ionic and pH homeostasis of the cell. Radish fleshy roots are susceptible to abiotic stress during growth and development, especially salt stress. To date, <i>CPA</i> family genes have not yet been identified in radish and the biological functions remain unclear. In this study, 60 <i>CPA</i> candidate genes in radish were identified on the whole genome level, which were divided into three subfamilies including the Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger (NHX), K<sup>+</sup> efflux antiporter (KEA), and cation/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger (CHX) families. In total, 58 of the 60 <i>RsCPA</i> genes were localized to the nine chromosomes. RNA-seq. data showed that 60 <i>RsCPA</i> genes had various expression levels in the leaves, roots, cortex, cambium, and xylem at different development stages, as well as under different abiotic stresses. RT–qPCR analysis indicated that all nine <i>RsNHXs</i> genes showed up regulated trends after 250 mM NaCl exposure at 3, 6, 12, and 24h. The <i>RsCPA31 (RsNHX1)</i> gene, which might be the most important members of the RsNHX subfamily, exhibited obvious increased expression levels during 24h salt stress treatment. Heterologous over-and inhibited-expression of <i>RsNHX1</i> in <i>Arabidopsis</i> showed that <i>RsNHX1</i> had a positive function in salt tolerance. Furthermore, a turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV)-induced gene silence (VIGS) system was firstly used to functionally characterize the candidate gene in radish, which showed that plant with the silence of endogenous <i>RsNHX1</i> was more susceptible to the salt stress. According to our results we provide insights into the complexity of the <i>RsCPA</i> gene family and a valuable resource to explore the potential functions of <i>RsCPA</i> genes in radish.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8262<i>CPA</i> gene family<i>RsNHX1</i>over-expressionvirus-induced gene silencesalt resistanceradish |
| spellingShingle | Yan Wang Jiali Ying Yang Zhang Liang Xu Wanting Zhang Meng Ni Yuelin Zhu Liwang Liu Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of the Cation Proton Antiporter (CPA) Family Related to Salt Stress Response in Radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.) International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>CPA</i> gene family <i>RsNHX1</i> over-expression virus-induced gene silence salt resistance radish |
| title | Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of the Cation Proton Antiporter (CPA) Family Related to Salt Stress Response in Radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.) |
| title_full | Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of the Cation Proton Antiporter (CPA) Family Related to Salt Stress Response in Radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of the Cation Proton Antiporter (CPA) Family Related to Salt Stress Response in Radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of the Cation Proton Antiporter (CPA) Family Related to Salt Stress Response in Radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.) |
| title_short | Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of the Cation Proton Antiporter (CPA) Family Related to Salt Stress Response in Radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.) |
| title_sort | genome wide identification and functional characterization of the cation proton antiporter cpa family related to salt stress response in radish i raphanus sativus i l |
| topic | <i>CPA</i> gene family <i>RsNHX1</i> over-expression virus-induced gene silence salt resistance radish |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8262 |
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