Enzymatic Preparation and Characterization of Spherical Microparticles Composed of Artificial Lignin and TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofiber
A one-pot and one-step enzymatic synthesis of submicron-order spherical microparticles composed of dehydrogenative polymers (DHPs) of coniferyl alcohol as a typical lignin precursor and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs) was investigated. Horseradish peroxidase enzymatically catalyzed the...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/4/917 |
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| author | Naoya Fukuda Mayumi Hatakeyama Takuya Kitaoka |
| author_facet | Naoya Fukuda Mayumi Hatakeyama Takuya Kitaoka |
| author_sort | Naoya Fukuda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A one-pot and one-step enzymatic synthesis of submicron-order spherical microparticles composed of dehydrogenative polymers (DHPs) of coniferyl alcohol as a typical lignin precursor and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs) was investigated. Horseradish peroxidase enzymatically catalyzed the radical coupling of coniferyl alcohol in an aqueous suspension of TOCNFs, resulting in the formation of spherical microparticles with a diameter and sphericity index of approximately 0.8 μm and 0.95, respectively. The ζ-potential of TOCNF-functionalized DHP microspheres was about −40 mV, indicating that the colloidal systems had good stability. Nanofibrous components were clearly observed on the microparticle surface by scanning electron microscopy, while some TOCNFs were confirmed to be inside the microparticles by confocal laser scanning microscopy with Calcofluor white staining. As both cellulose and lignin are natural polymers known to biodegrade, even in the sea, these woody TOCNF−DHP microparticle nanocomposites were expected to be promising alternatives to fossil resource-derived microbeads in cosmetic applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:37:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02e026d04734470d8ddf434d8f1b80dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:37:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-02e026d04734470d8ddf434d8f1b80dc2023-11-21T14:09:44ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-04-0111491710.3390/nano11040917Enzymatic Preparation and Characterization of Spherical Microparticles Composed of Artificial Lignin and TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose NanofiberNaoya Fukuda0Mayumi Hatakeyama1Takuya Kitaoka2Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanDepartment of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanDepartment of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanA one-pot and one-step enzymatic synthesis of submicron-order spherical microparticles composed of dehydrogenative polymers (DHPs) of coniferyl alcohol as a typical lignin precursor and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs) was investigated. Horseradish peroxidase enzymatically catalyzed the radical coupling of coniferyl alcohol in an aqueous suspension of TOCNFs, resulting in the formation of spherical microparticles with a diameter and sphericity index of approximately 0.8 μm and 0.95, respectively. The ζ-potential of TOCNF-functionalized DHP microspheres was about −40 mV, indicating that the colloidal systems had good stability. Nanofibrous components were clearly observed on the microparticle surface by scanning electron microscopy, while some TOCNFs were confirmed to be inside the microparticles by confocal laser scanning microscopy with Calcofluor white staining. As both cellulose and lignin are natural polymers known to biodegrade, even in the sea, these woody TOCNF−DHP microparticle nanocomposites were expected to be promising alternatives to fossil resource-derived microbeads in cosmetic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/4/917dehydrogenative polymerenzymatic radical couplingligninnanocellulosemicrosphereTEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber |
| spellingShingle | Naoya Fukuda Mayumi Hatakeyama Takuya Kitaoka Enzymatic Preparation and Characterization of Spherical Microparticles Composed of Artificial Lignin and TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofiber Nanomaterials dehydrogenative polymer enzymatic radical coupling lignin nanocellulose microsphere TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber |
| title | Enzymatic Preparation and Characterization of Spherical Microparticles Composed of Artificial Lignin and TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofiber |
| title_full | Enzymatic Preparation and Characterization of Spherical Microparticles Composed of Artificial Lignin and TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofiber |
| title_fullStr | Enzymatic Preparation and Characterization of Spherical Microparticles Composed of Artificial Lignin and TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofiber |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enzymatic Preparation and Characterization of Spherical Microparticles Composed of Artificial Lignin and TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofiber |
| title_short | Enzymatic Preparation and Characterization of Spherical Microparticles Composed of Artificial Lignin and TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofiber |
| title_sort | enzymatic preparation and characterization of spherical microparticles composed of artificial lignin and tempo oxidized cellulose nanofiber |
| topic | dehydrogenative polymer enzymatic radical coupling lignin nanocellulose microsphere TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/4/917 |
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