NMR Characterization of Ten Apple Cultivars from the Piedmont Region
The metabolite profile of ten traditional apple cultivars grown in the Piedmont region (Italy) was studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, identifying an overall number of 36 compounds. A more complete assignment of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/289 |
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| author | Giacomo Di Matteo Mattia Spano Cristina Esposito Cristina Santarcangelo Alessandra Baldi Maria Daglia Luisa Mannina Cinzia Ingallina Anatoly P. Sobolev |
| author_facet | Giacomo Di Matteo Mattia Spano Cristina Esposito Cristina Santarcangelo Alessandra Baldi Maria Daglia Luisa Mannina Cinzia Ingallina Anatoly P. Sobolev |
| author_sort | Giacomo Di Matteo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The metabolite profile of ten traditional apple cultivars grown in the Piedmont region (Italy) was studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, identifying an overall number of 36 compounds. A more complete assignment of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) resonances from hydroalcoholic and organic apple extracts with respect to literature data was reported, identifying fructose tautomeric forms, galacturonic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), <i>p</i>-coumaroyl moiety, phosphatidylcholine, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. The chemical profile of each apple cultivar was defined by thorough quantitative NMR analysis of four sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and xylose), nine organic acids (acetic, citric, formic, citramalic, lactic, malic, quinic, and galacturonic acids), six amino acids (alanine, asparagine, aspartate, GABA, isoleucine, and valine), rhamnitol, <i>p</i>-coumaroyl derivative, phloretin/phloridzin and choline, as well as β-sitosterol, fatty acid chains, phosphatidylcholine, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. Finally, the application of PCA analysis allowed us to highlight possible differences/similarities. The Magnana cultivar showed the highest content of sugars, GABA, valine, isoleucine, and alanine. The Runsé cultivar was characterized by high amounts of organic acids, whereas the Gamba Fina cultivar showed a high content of chlorogenic acid. A significant amount of quinic acid was detected in the Carla cultivar. The knowledge of apple chemical profiles can be useful for industries interested in specific compounds for obtaining ingredients of food supplements and functional foods and for promoting apple valorization and preservation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:15:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02e0c422fe254f19a5175f3e42f06d42 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:15:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-02e0c422fe254f19a5175f3e42f06d422023-12-03T11:53:50ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-02-0110228910.3390/foods10020289NMR Characterization of Ten Apple Cultivars from the Piedmont RegionGiacomo Di Matteo0Mattia Spano1Cristina Esposito2Cristina Santarcangelo3Alessandra Baldi4Maria Daglia5Luisa Mannina6Cinzia Ingallina7Anatoly P. Sobolev8Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, ItalyTefarco Innova, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A—Campus, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyInstitute for Biological Systems, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory “Segre-Capitani”, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, ItalyThe metabolite profile of ten traditional apple cultivars grown in the Piedmont region (Italy) was studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, identifying an overall number of 36 compounds. A more complete assignment of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) resonances from hydroalcoholic and organic apple extracts with respect to literature data was reported, identifying fructose tautomeric forms, galacturonic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), <i>p</i>-coumaroyl moiety, phosphatidylcholine, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. The chemical profile of each apple cultivar was defined by thorough quantitative NMR analysis of four sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and xylose), nine organic acids (acetic, citric, formic, citramalic, lactic, malic, quinic, and galacturonic acids), six amino acids (alanine, asparagine, aspartate, GABA, isoleucine, and valine), rhamnitol, <i>p</i>-coumaroyl derivative, phloretin/phloridzin and choline, as well as β-sitosterol, fatty acid chains, phosphatidylcholine, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. Finally, the application of PCA analysis allowed us to highlight possible differences/similarities. The Magnana cultivar showed the highest content of sugars, GABA, valine, isoleucine, and alanine. The Runsé cultivar was characterized by high amounts of organic acids, whereas the Gamba Fina cultivar showed a high content of chlorogenic acid. A significant amount of quinic acid was detected in the Carla cultivar. The knowledge of apple chemical profiles can be useful for industries interested in specific compounds for obtaining ingredients of food supplements and functional foods and for promoting apple valorization and preservation.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/289<i>malus domestica</i>local apple cultivarsNMRmetabolite profilePCAfood ingredients |
| spellingShingle | Giacomo Di Matteo Mattia Spano Cristina Esposito Cristina Santarcangelo Alessandra Baldi Maria Daglia Luisa Mannina Cinzia Ingallina Anatoly P. Sobolev NMR Characterization of Ten Apple Cultivars from the Piedmont Region Foods <i>malus domestica</i> local apple cultivars NMR metabolite profile PCA food ingredients |
| title | NMR Characterization of Ten Apple Cultivars from the Piedmont Region |
| title_full | NMR Characterization of Ten Apple Cultivars from the Piedmont Region |
| title_fullStr | NMR Characterization of Ten Apple Cultivars from the Piedmont Region |
| title_full_unstemmed | NMR Characterization of Ten Apple Cultivars from the Piedmont Region |
| title_short | NMR Characterization of Ten Apple Cultivars from the Piedmont Region |
| title_sort | nmr characterization of ten apple cultivars from the piedmont region |
| topic | <i>malus domestica</i> local apple cultivars NMR metabolite profile PCA food ingredients |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/289 |
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