<i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>—Current Understanding of the Neglected Hepatobiliary Parasite
Opisthorchiasis due to <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i> infection continues to be a significant public healthcare concern in various subregions of Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam. The main mode of transmission is via consumption of raw or under...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/6/795 |
| _version_ | 1797593088991952896 |
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| author | Matthias Yi Quan Liau En Qi Toh Vishalkumar Girishchandra Shelat |
| author_facet | Matthias Yi Quan Liau En Qi Toh Vishalkumar Girishchandra Shelat |
| author_sort | Matthias Yi Quan Liau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Opisthorchiasis due to <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i> infection continues to be a significant public healthcare concern in various subregions of Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam. The main mode of transmission is via consumption of raw or undercooked fish, which is deeply embedded in the culture and tradition of the people living near the Mekong River. After ingestion, the flukes migrate to the bile ducts, potentially causing many hepatobiliary complications, including cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, advanced periductal fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma. Several mechanisms of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinogenesis have been proposed and elucidated in the past decade, providing insight and potential drug targets to prevent the development of the sinister complication. The gold standard for diagnosing opisthorchiasis is still via stool microscopy, but the advent of novel serological, antigen, and molecular tests shows promise as more convenient, alternative diagnostic methods. The mainstay of treatment of opisthorchiasis is praziquantel, while treatment of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma depends on its anatomic subtype and resectability. Thus far, the most successful fluke control programme is the Lawa model based in Thailand, which raised awareness, incorporated education, and frequent surveillance of intermediate hosts to reduce transmission of opisthorchiasis. Development of vaccines using tetraspanins shows promise and is currently ongoing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:03:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02ecc486532f46eb92dc464433ef6716 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:03:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-02ecc486532f46eb92dc464433ef67162023-11-18T12:00:02ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-06-0112679510.3390/pathogens12060795<i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>—Current Understanding of the Neglected Hepatobiliary ParasiteMatthias Yi Quan Liau0En Qi Toh1Vishalkumar Girishchandra Shelat2Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, SingaporeLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, SingaporeDepartment of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, SingaporeOpisthorchiasis due to <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i> infection continues to be a significant public healthcare concern in various subregions of Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam. The main mode of transmission is via consumption of raw or undercooked fish, which is deeply embedded in the culture and tradition of the people living near the Mekong River. After ingestion, the flukes migrate to the bile ducts, potentially causing many hepatobiliary complications, including cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, advanced periductal fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma. Several mechanisms of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinogenesis have been proposed and elucidated in the past decade, providing insight and potential drug targets to prevent the development of the sinister complication. The gold standard for diagnosing opisthorchiasis is still via stool microscopy, but the advent of novel serological, antigen, and molecular tests shows promise as more convenient, alternative diagnostic methods. The mainstay of treatment of opisthorchiasis is praziquantel, while treatment of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma depends on its anatomic subtype and resectability. Thus far, the most successful fluke control programme is the Lawa model based in Thailand, which raised awareness, incorporated education, and frequent surveillance of intermediate hosts to reduce transmission of opisthorchiasis. Development of vaccines using tetraspanins shows promise and is currently ongoing.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/6/795<i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>cholangitischolecystitischolelithiasisadvanced periductal fibrosischolangiocarcinoma |
| spellingShingle | Matthias Yi Quan Liau En Qi Toh Vishalkumar Girishchandra Shelat <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>—Current Understanding of the Neglected Hepatobiliary Parasite Pathogens <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i> cholangitis cholecystitis cholelithiasis advanced periductal fibrosis cholangiocarcinoma |
| title | <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>—Current Understanding of the Neglected Hepatobiliary Parasite |
| title_full | <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>—Current Understanding of the Neglected Hepatobiliary Parasite |
| title_fullStr | <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>—Current Understanding of the Neglected Hepatobiliary Parasite |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>—Current Understanding of the Neglected Hepatobiliary Parasite |
| title_short | <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>—Current Understanding of the Neglected Hepatobiliary Parasite |
| title_sort | i opisthorchis viverrini i current understanding of the neglected hepatobiliary parasite |
| topic | <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i> cholangitis cholecystitis cholelithiasis advanced periductal fibrosis cholangiocarcinoma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/6/795 |
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