Epigenetic Regulation of Cell-Fate Changes That Determine Adult Liver Regeneration After Injury
The adult liver has excellent regenerative potential following injury. In contrast to other organs of the body that have high cellular turnover during homeostasis (e.g., intestine, stomach, and skin), the adult liver is a slowly self-renewing organ and does not contain a defined stem-cell compartmen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.643055/full |
| _version_ | 1818927301733122048 |
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| author | Luigi Aloia |
| author_facet | Luigi Aloia |
| author_sort | Luigi Aloia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The adult liver has excellent regenerative potential following injury. In contrast to other organs of the body that have high cellular turnover during homeostasis (e.g., intestine, stomach, and skin), the adult liver is a slowly self-renewing organ and does not contain a defined stem-cell compartment that maintains homeostasis. However, tissue damage induces significant proliferation across the liver and can trigger cell-fate changes, such as trans-differentiation and de-differentiation into liver progenitors, which contribute to efficient tissue regeneration and restoration of liver functions. Epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to regulate cell-fate decisions in both embryonic and adult tissues in response to environmental cues. Underlying their relevance in liver biology, expression levels and epigenetic activity of chromatin modifiers are often altered in chronic liver disease and liver cancer. In this review, I examine the role of several chromatin modifiers in the regulation of cell-fate changes that determine efficient adult liver epithelial regeneration in response to tissue injury in mouse models. Specifically, I focus on epigenetic mechanisms such as chromatin remodelling, DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, and histone methylation and deacetylation. Finally, I address how altered epigenetic mechanisms and the interplay between epigenetics and metabolism may contribute to the initiation and progression of liver disease and cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T03:10:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02f2ab26c3d4483db5aa9c60353f3b91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T03:10:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-02f2ab26c3d4483db5aa9c60353f3b912022-12-21T19:55:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-03-01910.3389/fcell.2021.643055643055Epigenetic Regulation of Cell-Fate Changes That Determine Adult Liver Regeneration After InjuryLuigi AloiaThe adult liver has excellent regenerative potential following injury. In contrast to other organs of the body that have high cellular turnover during homeostasis (e.g., intestine, stomach, and skin), the adult liver is a slowly self-renewing organ and does not contain a defined stem-cell compartment that maintains homeostasis. However, tissue damage induces significant proliferation across the liver and can trigger cell-fate changes, such as trans-differentiation and de-differentiation into liver progenitors, which contribute to efficient tissue regeneration and restoration of liver functions. Epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to regulate cell-fate decisions in both embryonic and adult tissues in response to environmental cues. Underlying their relevance in liver biology, expression levels and epigenetic activity of chromatin modifiers are often altered in chronic liver disease and liver cancer. In this review, I examine the role of several chromatin modifiers in the regulation of cell-fate changes that determine efficient adult liver epithelial regeneration in response to tissue injury in mouse models. Specifically, I focus on epigenetic mechanisms such as chromatin remodelling, DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, and histone methylation and deacetylation. Finally, I address how altered epigenetic mechanisms and the interplay between epigenetics and metabolism may contribute to the initiation and progression of liver disease and cancer.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.643055/fullplasticitycell-fate changeepigeneticsliver cancerchronic liver diseaseliver regeneration |
| spellingShingle | Luigi Aloia Epigenetic Regulation of Cell-Fate Changes That Determine Adult Liver Regeneration After Injury Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology plasticity cell-fate change epigenetics liver cancer chronic liver disease liver regeneration |
| title | Epigenetic Regulation of Cell-Fate Changes That Determine Adult Liver Regeneration After Injury |
| title_full | Epigenetic Regulation of Cell-Fate Changes That Determine Adult Liver Regeneration After Injury |
| title_fullStr | Epigenetic Regulation of Cell-Fate Changes That Determine Adult Liver Regeneration After Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epigenetic Regulation of Cell-Fate Changes That Determine Adult Liver Regeneration After Injury |
| title_short | Epigenetic Regulation of Cell-Fate Changes That Determine Adult Liver Regeneration After Injury |
| title_sort | epigenetic regulation of cell fate changes that determine adult liver regeneration after injury |
| topic | plasticity cell-fate change epigenetics liver cancer chronic liver disease liver regeneration |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.643055/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT luigialoia epigeneticregulationofcellfatechangesthatdetermineadultliverregenerationafterinjury |