Trajectory of post-traumatic stress and depression among children and adolescents following single-incident trauma
Objective Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression have high comorbidity. Understanding their relationship is of clinical and theoretical importance. A comprehensive way to understand post-trauma psychopathology is through symptom trajectories. This study aims to look at the developmental cours...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | European Journal of Psychotraumatology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2037906 |
| _version_ | 1797895734676160512 |
|---|---|
| author | Joyce Zhang Richard Meiser-Stedman Bobby Jones Patrick Smith Tim Dalgleish Adrian Boyle Andrea Edwards Devasena Subramanyam Clare Dixon Lysandra Sinclaire-Harding Susanne Schweizer Jill Newby Anna McKinnon |
| author_facet | Joyce Zhang Richard Meiser-Stedman Bobby Jones Patrick Smith Tim Dalgleish Adrian Boyle Andrea Edwards Devasena Subramanyam Clare Dixon Lysandra Sinclaire-Harding Susanne Schweizer Jill Newby Anna McKinnon |
| author_sort | Joyce Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression have high comorbidity. Understanding their relationship is of clinical and theoretical importance. A comprehensive way to understand post-trauma psychopathology is through symptom trajectories. This study aims to look at the developmental courses of PTSD and depression symptoms and their interrelationship in the initial months post-trauma in children and adolescents. Methods Two-hundred-and-seventeen children and adolescents aged between eight and 17 exposed to single-event trauma were included in the study. Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depression symptoms were measured at 2 weeks, 2 months and 9 months, with further psychological variables measured at the 2-week assessment. Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) was applied to estimate the latent developmental clusters of the two outcomes. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors associated with high symptom groups. Results The GBTM yielded a three-group model for PTSS and a three-group model for depression. PTSS trajectories showed symptoms reduced to a non-clinical level by 9 months for all participants (if they were not already in the non-clinical range): participants were observed to be resilient (42.4%) or recovered within 2 months (35.6%), while 21.9% experienced high level PTSS but recovered by 9 months post-trauma. The depression symptom trajectories predicted a chronic non-recovery group (20.1%) and two mild symptom groups (45.9%, 34.0%). Further analysis showed high synchronicity between PTSS and depression groups. Peri-event panic, negative appraisals, rumination and thought suppression at 2 weeks predicted slow recovery from PTSS. Pre-trauma wellbeing, post-trauma anxiety and negative appraisals predicted chronic depression. Conclusions Post-trauma depression was more persistent than PTSS at 9 months in the sampled population. Cognitive appraisal was the shared risk factor to high symptom groups of both PTSS and depression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:31:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02f85335ec4d46788bc6034220079b73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2000-8066 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:31:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Psychotraumatology |
| spelling | doaj.art-02f85335ec4d46788bc6034220079b732023-02-23T15:58:10ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEuropean Journal of Psychotraumatology2000-80662022-07-0113110.1080/20008198.2022.20379062037906Trajectory of post-traumatic stress and depression among children and adolescents following single-incident traumaJoyce Zhang0Richard Meiser-Stedman1Bobby Jones2Patrick Smith3Tim Dalgleish4Adrian Boyle5Andrea Edwards6Devasena Subramanyam7Clare Dixon8Lysandra Sinclaire-Harding9Susanne Schweizer10Jill Newby11Anna McKinnon12University of East AngliaUniversity of East AngliaUniversity of PittsburghInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s CollegeUniversity of CambridgeAddenbrooke’s HospitalAddenbrooke’s HospitalBedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSussex Partnership NHS Foundation TrustTavistock & Portman NHS TrustUniversity of New South WalesUniversity of New South WalesCambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustObjective Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression have high comorbidity. Understanding their relationship is of clinical and theoretical importance. A comprehensive way to understand post-trauma psychopathology is through symptom trajectories. This study aims to look at the developmental courses of PTSD and depression symptoms and their interrelationship in the initial months post-trauma in children and adolescents. Methods Two-hundred-and-seventeen children and adolescents aged between eight and 17 exposed to single-event trauma were included in the study. Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depression symptoms were measured at 2 weeks, 2 months and 9 months, with further psychological variables measured at the 2-week assessment. Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) was applied to estimate the latent developmental clusters of the two outcomes. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors associated with high symptom groups. Results The GBTM yielded a three-group model for PTSS and a three-group model for depression. PTSS trajectories showed symptoms reduced to a non-clinical level by 9 months for all participants (if they were not already in the non-clinical range): participants were observed to be resilient (42.4%) or recovered within 2 months (35.6%), while 21.9% experienced high level PTSS but recovered by 9 months post-trauma. The depression symptom trajectories predicted a chronic non-recovery group (20.1%) and two mild symptom groups (45.9%, 34.0%). Further analysis showed high synchronicity between PTSS and depression groups. Peri-event panic, negative appraisals, rumination and thought suppression at 2 weeks predicted slow recovery from PTSS. Pre-trauma wellbeing, post-trauma anxiety and negative appraisals predicted chronic depression. Conclusions Post-trauma depression was more persistent than PTSS at 9 months in the sampled population. Cognitive appraisal was the shared risk factor to high symptom groups of both PTSS and depression.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2037906ptsddepressioncomorbiditytrajectorygbtmlcgacomputational phenotyping |
| spellingShingle | Joyce Zhang Richard Meiser-Stedman Bobby Jones Patrick Smith Tim Dalgleish Adrian Boyle Andrea Edwards Devasena Subramanyam Clare Dixon Lysandra Sinclaire-Harding Susanne Schweizer Jill Newby Anna McKinnon Trajectory of post-traumatic stress and depression among children and adolescents following single-incident trauma European Journal of Psychotraumatology ptsd depression comorbidity trajectory gbtm lcga computational phenotyping |
| title | Trajectory of post-traumatic stress and depression among children and adolescents following single-incident trauma |
| title_full | Trajectory of post-traumatic stress and depression among children and adolescents following single-incident trauma |
| title_fullStr | Trajectory of post-traumatic stress and depression among children and adolescents following single-incident trauma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trajectory of post-traumatic stress and depression among children and adolescents following single-incident trauma |
| title_short | Trajectory of post-traumatic stress and depression among children and adolescents following single-incident trauma |
| title_sort | trajectory of post traumatic stress and depression among children and adolescents following single incident trauma |
| topic | ptsd depression comorbidity trajectory gbtm lcga computational phenotyping |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2037906 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT joycezhang trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma AT richardmeiserstedman trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma AT bobbyjones trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma AT patricksmith trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma AT timdalgleish trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma AT adrianboyle trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma AT andreaedwards trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma AT devasenasubramanyam trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma AT claredixon trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma AT lysandrasinclaireharding trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma AT susanneschweizer trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma AT jillnewby trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma AT annamckinnon trajectoryofposttraumaticstressanddepressionamongchildrenandadolescentsfollowingsingleincidenttrauma |