Characterization of Laboratory Particulate Matter (PM) Mass Setups for Brake Emission Measurements
Vehicles’ exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions have significantly decreased over the years. On the other hand, non-exhaust emissions, i.e., particle emissions from brakes and tires, have increased due to the increase in the vehicle fleet, traffic congestion, and the distance traveled. As a resu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/3/516 |
| _version_ | 1797613532569665536 |
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| author | Theodoros Grigoratos Athanasios Mamakos RaviTeja Vedula Michael Arndt Dmytro Lugovyy Christian Hafenmayer Mikko Moisio Carlos Agudelo Barouch Giechaskiel |
| author_facet | Theodoros Grigoratos Athanasios Mamakos RaviTeja Vedula Michael Arndt Dmytro Lugovyy Christian Hafenmayer Mikko Moisio Carlos Agudelo Barouch Giechaskiel |
| author_sort | Theodoros Grigoratos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vehicles’ exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions have significantly decreased over the years. On the other hand, non-exhaust emissions, i.e., particle emissions from brakes and tires, have increased due to the increase in the vehicle fleet, traffic congestion, and the distance traveled. As a result, regulatory bodies are investigating the possibility of mitigating non-exhaust emissions. The Euro 7 proposal introduces specific emission limits for both brakes and tires for the first time in a regulation worldwide. The methodology for brake particle emissions sampling and measurement builds on the work of the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) informal working group of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The recently adopted Global Technical Regulation (GTR) on brakes from light-duty vehicles up to 3.5 t prescribes the technical details. In this paper, we present the technical specifications for the measurements of PM. We also evaluate the penetrations for two cases with two setups for minimum and maximum particle losses. This study, using aerosol engineering calculations, estimates the maximum expected differences between the two setups, both of which are compliant with the GTR. This study also discusses the mass ratios of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> as a function of the mass median diameters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:56:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-030bad3e226f45ad820c4fe2cf982121 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:56:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-030bad3e226f45ad820c4fe2cf9821212023-11-17T09:32:50ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-03-0114351610.3390/atmos14030516Characterization of Laboratory Particulate Matter (PM) Mass Setups for Brake Emission MeasurementsTheodoros Grigoratos0Athanasios Mamakos1RaviTeja Vedula2Michael Arndt3Dmytro Lugovyy4Christian Hafenmayer5Mikko Moisio6Carlos Agudelo7Barouch Giechaskiel8European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyCorning GmbH, 65189 Wiesbaden, GermanyBrakes India Private Limited, Padi, Chennai 600 050, IndiaAVL List GmbH, 8020 Graz, AustriaHORIBA Europe GmbH, 61440 Oberursel, GermanyAIP GmbH & Co., KG, D-87490 Haldenwang, GermanyDekati Ltd., Tykkitie 1, FI-36240 Kangasala, FinlandLink Engineering Co., 43855 Plymouth Oaks Blvd, Plymouth, MI 48170, USAEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyVehicles’ exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions have significantly decreased over the years. On the other hand, non-exhaust emissions, i.e., particle emissions from brakes and tires, have increased due to the increase in the vehicle fleet, traffic congestion, and the distance traveled. As a result, regulatory bodies are investigating the possibility of mitigating non-exhaust emissions. The Euro 7 proposal introduces specific emission limits for both brakes and tires for the first time in a regulation worldwide. The methodology for brake particle emissions sampling and measurement builds on the work of the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) informal working group of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The recently adopted Global Technical Regulation (GTR) on brakes from light-duty vehicles up to 3.5 t prescribes the technical details. In this paper, we present the technical specifications for the measurements of PM. We also evaluate the penetrations for two cases with two setups for minimum and maximum particle losses. This study, using aerosol engineering calculations, estimates the maximum expected differences between the two setups, both of which are compliant with the GTR. This study also discusses the mass ratios of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> as a function of the mass median diameters.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/3/516non-exhaust emissionsGTR on brake emissionsbrake particle emissionsbrake particulate matter (PM)cyclonic separatornozzle |
| spellingShingle | Theodoros Grigoratos Athanasios Mamakos RaviTeja Vedula Michael Arndt Dmytro Lugovyy Christian Hafenmayer Mikko Moisio Carlos Agudelo Barouch Giechaskiel Characterization of Laboratory Particulate Matter (PM) Mass Setups for Brake Emission Measurements Atmosphere non-exhaust emissions GTR on brake emissions brake particle emissions brake particulate matter (PM) cyclonic separator nozzle |
| title | Characterization of Laboratory Particulate Matter (PM) Mass Setups for Brake Emission Measurements |
| title_full | Characterization of Laboratory Particulate Matter (PM) Mass Setups for Brake Emission Measurements |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Laboratory Particulate Matter (PM) Mass Setups for Brake Emission Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Laboratory Particulate Matter (PM) Mass Setups for Brake Emission Measurements |
| title_short | Characterization of Laboratory Particulate Matter (PM) Mass Setups for Brake Emission Measurements |
| title_sort | characterization of laboratory particulate matter pm mass setups for brake emission measurements |
| topic | non-exhaust emissions GTR on brake emissions brake particle emissions brake particulate matter (PM) cyclonic separator nozzle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/3/516 |
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