Epilepsy and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Etiologically Diagnosed Central Nervous System Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Background: Central nervous system (CNS) infection in childhood can lead to neurological sequelae, including epilepsy, and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study investigated the association of etiologicall...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2019.00528/full |
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| author | Chien-Heng Lin Chien-Heng Lin Wei-De Lin I-Ching Chou I-Ching Chou Inn-Chi Lee Inn-Chi Lee Syuan-Yu Hong |
| author_facet | Chien-Heng Lin Chien-Heng Lin Wei-De Lin I-Ching Chou I-Ching Chou Inn-Chi Lee Inn-Chi Lee Syuan-Yu Hong |
| author_sort | Chien-Heng Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Central nervous system (CNS) infection in childhood can lead to neurological sequelae, including epilepsy, and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study investigated the association of etiologically diagnosed childhood brain infections with the subsequent risks of epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders.Objectives: We retrospectively analyzed the data of children aged <18 years who had definite brain infections with positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2017. These patients were followed to evaluate the risks of epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disease (ADHD and ASD) after brain infections (group 1) in comparison with the risks in those without brain infections (group 2).Results: A total of 145 patients with an average age of 41.2 months were included in group 1. Enterovirus accounted for the majority of infections, followed by group B Streptococcus, S. pneumoniae, and herpes simplex virus. A total of 292 patients with an average age of 44.8 months were included in group 2. The 12-year risk of epilepsy in group 1 was 10.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.30–49; p < 0.01). Compared with group 2 (reference), the risk of ASD in the age interval of 2–5 years in group 1 was 21.3 (95% CI, 1.33–341.4; p = 0.03). The incidence of ADHD in group 1 was not significantly higher than that in group 2.Conclusions: This study identified the common etiological causes of brain infections in Taiwanese children. The highest-risk neurodevelopmental sequelae associated with brain infections was epilepsy. Children who had a diagnosis of brain infection (specially Enterovirus) should be followed since they are at greater risk of developing epilepsy and ASD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:25:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-031f188782614d539e4ebaaac5c8e5e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:25:19Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-031f188782614d539e4ebaaac5c8e5e32022-12-22T01:36:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952019-05-011010.3389/fneur.2019.00528442563Epilepsy and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Etiologically Diagnosed Central Nervous System Infections: A Retrospective Cohort StudyChien-Heng Lin0Chien-Heng Lin1Wei-De Lin2I-Ching Chou3I-Ching Chou4Inn-Chi Lee5Inn-Chi Lee6Syuan-Yu Hong7Division of Pediatrics Pulmonology, China Medical University, Children's Hospital, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, TaiwanDivision of Pediatrics Neurology, China Medical University, Children's Hospital, Taichung, TaiwanCollege of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDivision of Pediatrics Neurology, China Medical University, Children's Hospital, Taichung, TaiwanBackground: Central nervous system (CNS) infection in childhood can lead to neurological sequelae, including epilepsy, and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study investigated the association of etiologically diagnosed childhood brain infections with the subsequent risks of epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders.Objectives: We retrospectively analyzed the data of children aged <18 years who had definite brain infections with positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2017. These patients were followed to evaluate the risks of epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disease (ADHD and ASD) after brain infections (group 1) in comparison with the risks in those without brain infections (group 2).Results: A total of 145 patients with an average age of 41.2 months were included in group 1. Enterovirus accounted for the majority of infections, followed by group B Streptococcus, S. pneumoniae, and herpes simplex virus. A total of 292 patients with an average age of 44.8 months were included in group 2. The 12-year risk of epilepsy in group 1 was 10.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.30–49; p < 0.01). Compared with group 2 (reference), the risk of ASD in the age interval of 2–5 years in group 1 was 21.3 (95% CI, 1.33–341.4; p = 0.03). The incidence of ADHD in group 1 was not significantly higher than that in group 2.Conclusions: This study identified the common etiological causes of brain infections in Taiwanese children. The highest-risk neurodevelopmental sequelae associated with brain infections was epilepsy. Children who had a diagnosis of brain infection (specially Enterovirus) should be followed since they are at greater risk of developing epilepsy and ASD.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2019.00528/fullepilepsyneurodevelopmental outcomescentral nervous system infectionsbrain infectionschildren |
| spellingShingle | Chien-Heng Lin Chien-Heng Lin Wei-De Lin I-Ching Chou I-Ching Chou Inn-Chi Lee Inn-Chi Lee Syuan-Yu Hong Epilepsy and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Etiologically Diagnosed Central Nervous System Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study Frontiers in Neurology epilepsy neurodevelopmental outcomes central nervous system infections brain infections children |
| title | Epilepsy and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Etiologically Diagnosed Central Nervous System Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| title_full | Epilepsy and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Etiologically Diagnosed Central Nervous System Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | Epilepsy and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Etiologically Diagnosed Central Nervous System Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epilepsy and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Etiologically Diagnosed Central Nervous System Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| title_short | Epilepsy and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Etiologically Diagnosed Central Nervous System Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| title_sort | epilepsy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with etiologically diagnosed central nervous system infections a retrospective cohort study |
| topic | epilepsy neurodevelopmental outcomes central nervous system infections brain infections children |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2019.00528/full |
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