<i>Leishmania</i> 360°: Guidelines for Exosomal Research
<i>Leishmania</i> parasites are a group of kinetoplastid pathogens that cause a variety of clinical disorders while maintaining cell communication by secreting extracellular vesicles. Emerging technologies have been adapted for the study of <i>Leishmania</i>-host cell interac...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/10/2081 |
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| author | Áurea Martins Gabriel Adan Galué-Parra Washington Luiz Assunção Pereira Ketil Winther Pedersen Edilene Oliveira da Silva |
| author_facet | Áurea Martins Gabriel Adan Galué-Parra Washington Luiz Assunção Pereira Ketil Winther Pedersen Edilene Oliveira da Silva |
| author_sort | Áurea Martins Gabriel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Leishmania</i> parasites are a group of kinetoplastid pathogens that cause a variety of clinical disorders while maintaining cell communication by secreting extracellular vesicles. Emerging technologies have been adapted for the study of <i>Leishmania</i>-host cell interactions, to enable the broad-scale analysis of the extracellular vesicles of this parasite. <i>Leishmania</i> extracellular vesicles (<i>L</i>EVs) are spheroidal nanoparticles of polydispersed suspensions surrounded by a layer of lipid membrane. Although <i>L</i>EVs have attracted increasing attention from researchers, many aspects of their biology remain unclear, including their bioavailability and function in the complex molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Given the importance of <i>L</i>EVs in the parasite-host interaction, and in the parasite-parasite relationships that have emerged during the evolutionary history of these organisms, the present review provides an overview of the available data on <i>Leishmania</i>, and formulates guidelines for <i>L</i>EV research. We conclude by reporting direct methods for the isolation of specific <i>L</i>EVs from the culture supernatant of the promastigotes and amastigotes that are suitable for a range of different downstream applications, which increases the compatibility and reproducibility of the approach for the establishment of optimal and comparable isolation conditions and the complete characterization of the <i>L</i>EV, as well as the critical immunomodulatory events triggered by this important group of parasites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:21:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-033248289c6d4999bc0d7bd221aaff25 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:21:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-033248289c6d4999bc0d7bd221aaff252023-11-22T19:13:58ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-10-01910208110.3390/microorganisms9102081<i>Leishmania</i> 360°: Guidelines for Exosomal ResearchÁurea Martins Gabriel0Adan Galué-Parra1Washington Luiz Assunção Pereira2Ketil Winther Pedersen3Edilene Oliveira da Silva4Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine of NOVA University of Lisbon, IHMT-UNL, 1349-008 Lisbon, PortugalLaboratory of Structural Biology of Institute of Biological Sciences of Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Correa 01, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilLaboratory Animal Pathology of Federal Rural University of the Amazon, UFRA, Belém 66077-830, PA, BrazilThermo Fisher Scientific AS Postboks 114, Smestad, 0309 Oslo, NorwayLaboratory of Structural Biology of Institute of Biological Sciences of Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Correa 01, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil<i>Leishmania</i> parasites are a group of kinetoplastid pathogens that cause a variety of clinical disorders while maintaining cell communication by secreting extracellular vesicles. Emerging technologies have been adapted for the study of <i>Leishmania</i>-host cell interactions, to enable the broad-scale analysis of the extracellular vesicles of this parasite. <i>Leishmania</i> extracellular vesicles (<i>L</i>EVs) are spheroidal nanoparticles of polydispersed suspensions surrounded by a layer of lipid membrane. Although <i>L</i>EVs have attracted increasing attention from researchers, many aspects of their biology remain unclear, including their bioavailability and function in the complex molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Given the importance of <i>L</i>EVs in the parasite-host interaction, and in the parasite-parasite relationships that have emerged during the evolutionary history of these organisms, the present review provides an overview of the available data on <i>Leishmania</i>, and formulates guidelines for <i>L</i>EV research. We conclude by reporting direct methods for the isolation of specific <i>L</i>EVs from the culture supernatant of the promastigotes and amastigotes that are suitable for a range of different downstream applications, which increases the compatibility and reproducibility of the approach for the establishment of optimal and comparable isolation conditions and the complete characterization of the <i>L</i>EV, as well as the critical immunomodulatory events triggered by this important group of parasites.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/10/2081isolation and description of exosomesexosomal research guidelinesintercellular communication and host manipulation<i>Leishmania</i> extracellular vesicle cargoleishmaniasis |
| spellingShingle | Áurea Martins Gabriel Adan Galué-Parra Washington Luiz Assunção Pereira Ketil Winther Pedersen Edilene Oliveira da Silva <i>Leishmania</i> 360°: Guidelines for Exosomal Research Microorganisms isolation and description of exosomes exosomal research guidelines intercellular communication and host manipulation <i>Leishmania</i> extracellular vesicle cargo leishmaniasis |
| title | <i>Leishmania</i> 360°: Guidelines for Exosomal Research |
| title_full | <i>Leishmania</i> 360°: Guidelines for Exosomal Research |
| title_fullStr | <i>Leishmania</i> 360°: Guidelines for Exosomal Research |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Leishmania</i> 360°: Guidelines for Exosomal Research |
| title_short | <i>Leishmania</i> 360°: Guidelines for Exosomal Research |
| title_sort | i leishmania i 360° guidelines for exosomal research |
| topic | isolation and description of exosomes exosomal research guidelines intercellular communication and host manipulation <i>Leishmania</i> extracellular vesicle cargo leishmaniasis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/10/2081 |
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