Elemental Associations in Stream and Alluvial Sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna Rivers (Slovenia, EU) as a Result of Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activities
Stream and alluvial sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna rivers were sampled, and sediment fractions <0.063 and 0.063–0.125 mm were analyzed on the content of 60 of the main and trace elements. The objective was to determine elemental associations and identify possible sources of these associati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/7/861 |
| _version_ | 1797416771276242944 |
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| author | Gorazd Žibret |
| author_facet | Gorazd Žibret |
| author_sort | Gorazd Žibret |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stream and alluvial sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna rivers were sampled, and sediment fractions <0.063 and 0.063–0.125 mm were analyzed on the content of 60 of the main and trace elements. The objective was to determine elemental associations and identify possible sources of these associations. Differences of Al/Ti oxides ratio (9.7–26) can be attributed to the variations in the source rocks, while the K/Al oxides ratio indicates erosional or depositional river regime and variation in source rocks. One anthropogenic and three natural associations of elements were identified. The anthropogenic association (Ag, In, Sb, Cu, As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Bi, Mo and Sn) is linked to historic Zn smelting in the Celje area, and the subsequent erosion of the material from inadequately managed pyrometallurgical waste deposit. The second association (Li, Sc, Al, V, Cs and Ga) is linked to clay minerals, the third one (Mg, Ca and Te) to carbonate rocks, and the fourth one (Hf, Zr) to the heavy mineral fraction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:09:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-033d4653e9154eef9177332eb2680486 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:09:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-033d4653e9154eef9177332eb26804862023-12-03T12:00:03ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2022-07-0112786110.3390/min12070861Elemental Associations in Stream and Alluvial Sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna Rivers (Slovenia, EU) as a Result of Natural Processes and Anthropogenic ActivitiesGorazd Žibret0Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaStream and alluvial sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna rivers were sampled, and sediment fractions <0.063 and 0.063–0.125 mm were analyzed on the content of 60 of the main and trace elements. The objective was to determine elemental associations and identify possible sources of these associations. Differences of Al/Ti oxides ratio (9.7–26) can be attributed to the variations in the source rocks, while the K/Al oxides ratio indicates erosional or depositional river regime and variation in source rocks. One anthropogenic and three natural associations of elements were identified. The anthropogenic association (Ag, In, Sb, Cu, As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Bi, Mo and Sn) is linked to historic Zn smelting in the Celje area, and the subsequent erosion of the material from inadequately managed pyrometallurgical waste deposit. The second association (Li, Sc, Al, V, Cs and Ga) is linked to clay minerals, the third one (Mg, Ca and Te) to carbonate rocks, and the fourth one (Hf, Zr) to the heavy mineral fraction.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/7/861heavy metalssmeltingweatheringerosiondepositionfarming |
| spellingShingle | Gorazd Žibret Elemental Associations in Stream and Alluvial Sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna Rivers (Slovenia, EU) as a Result of Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activities Minerals heavy metals smelting weathering erosion deposition farming |
| title | Elemental Associations in Stream and Alluvial Sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna Rivers (Slovenia, EU) as a Result of Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activities |
| title_full | Elemental Associations in Stream and Alluvial Sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna Rivers (Slovenia, EU) as a Result of Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activities |
| title_fullStr | Elemental Associations in Stream and Alluvial Sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna Rivers (Slovenia, EU) as a Result of Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elemental Associations in Stream and Alluvial Sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna Rivers (Slovenia, EU) as a Result of Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activities |
| title_short | Elemental Associations in Stream and Alluvial Sediments of the Savinja and Voglajna Rivers (Slovenia, EU) as a Result of Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activities |
| title_sort | elemental associations in stream and alluvial sediments of the savinja and voglajna rivers slovenia eu as a result of natural processes and anthropogenic activities |
| topic | heavy metals smelting weathering erosion deposition farming |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/7/861 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gorazdzibret elementalassociationsinstreamandalluvialsedimentsofthesavinjaandvoglajnariverssloveniaeuasaresultofnaturalprocessesandanthropogenicactivities |