Evaluation of the Deletion of the African Swine Fever Virus Gene <i>O174L</i> from the Genome of the Georgia Isolate
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a structurally complex, double-stranded DNA virus, which causes African swine fever (ASF), a contagious disease affecting swine. ASF is currently affecting pork production in a large geographical region, including Eurasia and the Caribbean. ASFV has a large genome...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/2134 |
| _version_ | 1827719607230660608 |
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| author | Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina Lauro Velazquez-Salinas Ayushi Rai Nallely Espinoza Alyssa Valladares Ediane Silva Leeanna Burton Edward Spinard Amanda Meyers Guillermo Risatti Sten Calvelage Sandra Blome Douglas P. Gladue Manuel V. Borca |
| author_facet | Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina Lauro Velazquez-Salinas Ayushi Rai Nallely Espinoza Alyssa Valladares Ediane Silva Leeanna Burton Edward Spinard Amanda Meyers Guillermo Risatti Sten Calvelage Sandra Blome Douglas P. Gladue Manuel V. Borca |
| author_sort | Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a structurally complex, double-stranded DNA virus, which causes African swine fever (ASF), a contagious disease affecting swine. ASF is currently affecting pork production in a large geographical region, including Eurasia and the Caribbean. ASFV has a large genome, which harbors more than 160 genes, but most of these genes’ functions have not been experimentally characterized. One of these genes is the <i>O174L</i> gene which has been experimentally shown to function as a small DNA polymerase. Here, we demonstrate that the deletion of the <i>O174L</i> gene from the genome of the virulent strain ASFV Georgia2010 (ASFV-G) does not significantly affect virus replication in vitro or in vivo. A recombinant virus, having deleted the <i>O174L</i> gene, ASFV-G-∆O174L, was developed to study the effect of the <i>O174L</i> protein in replication in swine macrophages cultures in vitro and disease production when inoculated in pigs. The results demonstrated that ASFV-G-∆O174L has similar replication kinetics to parental ASFV-G in swine macrophage cultures. In addition, animals intramuscularly inoculated with 10<sup>2</sup> HAD<sub>50</sub> of ASFV-G-∆O174L presented a clinical form of the disease that is indistinguishable from that induced by the parental virulent strain ASFV-G. All animals developed a lethal disease, being euthanized around day 7 post-infection. Therefore, although O174L is a well-characterized DNA polymerase, its function is apparently not critical for the process of virus replication, both in vitro and in vivo, or for disease production in domestic pigs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:48:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-033faba99f134698b43bcf5f1485f0d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:48:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-033faba99f134698b43bcf5f1485f0d12023-11-19T18:28:51ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-10-011510213410.3390/v15102134Evaluation of the Deletion of the African Swine Fever Virus Gene <i>O174L</i> from the Genome of the Georgia IsolateElizabeth Ramirez-Medina0Lauro Velazquez-Salinas1Ayushi Rai2Nallely Espinoza3Alyssa Valladares4Ediane Silva5Leeanna Burton6Edward Spinard7Amanda Meyers8Guillermo Risatti9Sten Calvelage10Sandra Blome11Douglas P. Gladue12Manuel V. Borca13Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USADepartment of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USAFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyPlum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USAAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is a structurally complex, double-stranded DNA virus, which causes African swine fever (ASF), a contagious disease affecting swine. ASF is currently affecting pork production in a large geographical region, including Eurasia and the Caribbean. ASFV has a large genome, which harbors more than 160 genes, but most of these genes’ functions have not been experimentally characterized. One of these genes is the <i>O174L</i> gene which has been experimentally shown to function as a small DNA polymerase. Here, we demonstrate that the deletion of the <i>O174L</i> gene from the genome of the virulent strain ASFV Georgia2010 (ASFV-G) does not significantly affect virus replication in vitro or in vivo. A recombinant virus, having deleted the <i>O174L</i> gene, ASFV-G-∆O174L, was developed to study the effect of the <i>O174L</i> protein in replication in swine macrophages cultures in vitro and disease production when inoculated in pigs. The results demonstrated that ASFV-G-∆O174L has similar replication kinetics to parental ASFV-G in swine macrophage cultures. In addition, animals intramuscularly inoculated with 10<sup>2</sup> HAD<sub>50</sub> of ASFV-G-∆O174L presented a clinical form of the disease that is indistinguishable from that induced by the parental virulent strain ASFV-G. All animals developed a lethal disease, being euthanized around day 7 post-infection. Therefore, although O174L is a well-characterized DNA polymerase, its function is apparently not critical for the process of virus replication, both in vitro and in vivo, or for disease production in domestic pigs.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/2134ASFVASFASFVO174LAfrican swine fever virusvirus virulence |
| spellingShingle | Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina Lauro Velazquez-Salinas Ayushi Rai Nallely Espinoza Alyssa Valladares Ediane Silva Leeanna Burton Edward Spinard Amanda Meyers Guillermo Risatti Sten Calvelage Sandra Blome Douglas P. Gladue Manuel V. Borca Evaluation of the Deletion of the African Swine Fever Virus Gene <i>O174L</i> from the Genome of the Georgia Isolate Viruses ASFV ASF ASFV O174L African swine fever virus virus virulence |
| title | Evaluation of the Deletion of the African Swine Fever Virus Gene <i>O174L</i> from the Genome of the Georgia Isolate |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Deletion of the African Swine Fever Virus Gene <i>O174L</i> from the Genome of the Georgia Isolate |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Deletion of the African Swine Fever Virus Gene <i>O174L</i> from the Genome of the Georgia Isolate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Deletion of the African Swine Fever Virus Gene <i>O174L</i> from the Genome of the Georgia Isolate |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Deletion of the African Swine Fever Virus Gene <i>O174L</i> from the Genome of the Georgia Isolate |
| title_sort | evaluation of the deletion of the african swine fever virus gene i o174l i from the genome of the georgia isolate |
| topic | ASFV ASF ASFV O174L African swine fever virus virus virulence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/2134 |
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