Radial Variation of Wood Anatomical Properties Determines the Demarcation of Juvenile-Mature Wood in <i>Schima superba</i>
<i>Schima superba</i> is a precious broadleaf tree species that produces excellent timber. Analyzing the radial variation of wood anatomical properties within stems and determining the boundary between the juvenile and mature wood can provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and cult...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/512 |
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| author | Yunpeng Wang Rui Zhang Zhichun Zhou |
| author_facet | Yunpeng Wang Rui Zhang Zhichun Zhou |
| author_sort | Yunpeng Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Schima superba</i> is a precious broadleaf tree species that produces excellent timber. Analyzing the radial variation of wood anatomical properties within stems and determining the boundary between the juvenile and mature wood can provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation of <i>S</i>. <i>superba</i>. Herein, 30 54-year-old trees were used to analyze the radial variation of wood anatomical properties qualitatively. The correlation among wood properties was analyzed. On this basis, four types of model were used to predict the wood properties quantitatively, and the optimal segmentation model was used to determine the boundary between juvenile and mature wood. The results showed that the variation of the early stage (before the 20th year) was larger than that of the later stage (after the 20th year); moreover, the variation of the vessel features (9.56%) was greater than that of the fiber features (7.42%), the vessel lumen diameter (11.94%) and the fiber length (8.00%) had the most variation. There were three radial variation patterns in the wood properties. In the early stage, there was a significant positive correlation between the ring width and wood air-dry density (0.78) and wood basic density (0.89), and a significant negative correlation between the ring width and the fiber characters (−0.79~−0.93) and vessel characters (−0.64~−0.90). The growth models of Logistic and Richards were more suitable (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 84.2%~95.2%) for the radial variation of wood anatomical properties than the nonlinear least square model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 67.7%~90.9%). The transition wood between juvenile and mature wood of <i>S. superba</i> was from the 11th to the 16th year based on aggregative indicators from the pith to bark at breast height. Finally, when taken together, the wood anatomical properties of <i>S. superba</i> had regular radial variation. Breeding programs need to consider both growth and wood anatomical properties in the early stage, but they can be neglected in the mature stage. The formation of mature wood of <i>S. superba</i> occurred after the 16th year. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0340aae8c00f4360993348fb1e3704f52023-11-21T16:20:49ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-04-0112451210.3390/f12040512Radial Variation of Wood Anatomical Properties Determines the Demarcation of Juvenile-Mature Wood in <i>Schima superba</i>Yunpeng Wang0Rui Zhang1Zhichun Zhou2Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, ChinaResearch Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, ChinaResearch Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China<i>Schima superba</i> is a precious broadleaf tree species that produces excellent timber. Analyzing the radial variation of wood anatomical properties within stems and determining the boundary between the juvenile and mature wood can provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation of <i>S</i>. <i>superba</i>. Herein, 30 54-year-old trees were used to analyze the radial variation of wood anatomical properties qualitatively. The correlation among wood properties was analyzed. On this basis, four types of model were used to predict the wood properties quantitatively, and the optimal segmentation model was used to determine the boundary between juvenile and mature wood. The results showed that the variation of the early stage (before the 20th year) was larger than that of the later stage (after the 20th year); moreover, the variation of the vessel features (9.56%) was greater than that of the fiber features (7.42%), the vessel lumen diameter (11.94%) and the fiber length (8.00%) had the most variation. There were three radial variation patterns in the wood properties. In the early stage, there was a significant positive correlation between the ring width and wood air-dry density (0.78) and wood basic density (0.89), and a significant negative correlation between the ring width and the fiber characters (−0.79~−0.93) and vessel characters (−0.64~−0.90). The growth models of Logistic and Richards were more suitable (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 84.2%~95.2%) for the radial variation of wood anatomical properties than the nonlinear least square model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 67.7%~90.9%). The transition wood between juvenile and mature wood of <i>S. superba</i> was from the 11th to the 16th year based on aggregative indicators from the pith to bark at breast height. Finally, when taken together, the wood anatomical properties of <i>S. superba</i> had regular radial variation. Breeding programs need to consider both growth and wood anatomical properties in the early stage, but they can be neglected in the mature stage. The formation of mature wood of <i>S. superba</i> occurred after the 16th year.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/512wood anatomybroadleaf treeradial variationfibervesselmature wood |
| spellingShingle | Yunpeng Wang Rui Zhang Zhichun Zhou Radial Variation of Wood Anatomical Properties Determines the Demarcation of Juvenile-Mature Wood in <i>Schima superba</i> Forests wood anatomy broadleaf tree radial variation fiber vessel mature wood |
| title | Radial Variation of Wood Anatomical Properties Determines the Demarcation of Juvenile-Mature Wood in <i>Schima superba</i> |
| title_full | Radial Variation of Wood Anatomical Properties Determines the Demarcation of Juvenile-Mature Wood in <i>Schima superba</i> |
| title_fullStr | Radial Variation of Wood Anatomical Properties Determines the Demarcation of Juvenile-Mature Wood in <i>Schima superba</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Radial Variation of Wood Anatomical Properties Determines the Demarcation of Juvenile-Mature Wood in <i>Schima superba</i> |
| title_short | Radial Variation of Wood Anatomical Properties Determines the Demarcation of Juvenile-Mature Wood in <i>Schima superba</i> |
| title_sort | radial variation of wood anatomical properties determines the demarcation of juvenile mature wood in i schima superba i |
| topic | wood anatomy broadleaf tree radial variation fiber vessel mature wood |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/512 |
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