Risk Factors of Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Narrative Review
Multiple factors influence graft rejection after kidney transplantation. Pre-operative factors affecting graft function and survival include donor and recipient characteristics such as age, gender, race, and immunologic compatibility. In addition, several peri- and post-operative parameters affect g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/5/1392 |
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| author | Hani Oweira Ali Ramouz Omid Ghamarnejad Elias Khajeh Sadeq Ali-Hasan-Al-Saegh Rajan Nikbakhsh Christoph Reißfelder Nuh Rahbari Arianeb Mehrabi Mahmoud Sadeghi |
| author_facet | Hani Oweira Ali Ramouz Omid Ghamarnejad Elias Khajeh Sadeq Ali-Hasan-Al-Saegh Rajan Nikbakhsh Christoph Reißfelder Nuh Rahbari Arianeb Mehrabi Mahmoud Sadeghi |
| author_sort | Hani Oweira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multiple factors influence graft rejection after kidney transplantation. Pre-operative factors affecting graft function and survival include donor and recipient characteristics such as age, gender, race, and immunologic compatibility. In addition, several peri- and post-operative parameters affect graft function and rejection, such as cold and warm ischemia times, and post-operative immunosuppressive treatment. Exposure to non-self-human leucocyte antigens (HLAs) prior to transplantation up-regulates the recipient’s immune system. A higher rate of acute rejection is observed in transplant recipients with a history of pregnancies or significant exposure to blood products because these patients have higher panel reactive antibody (PRA) levels. Identifying these risk factors will help physicians to reduce the risk of allograft rejection, thereby promoting graft survival. In the current review, we summarize the existing literature on donor- and recipient-related risk factors of graft rejection and graft loss following kidney transplantation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:33:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-034497ed227e4a34a04d6b2b3bbffa5f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:33:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-034497ed227e4a34a04d6b2b3bbffa5f2023-11-23T23:15:10ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-03-01115139210.3390/jcm11051392Risk Factors of Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Narrative ReviewHani Oweira0Ali Ramouz1Omid Ghamarnejad2Elias Khajeh3Sadeq Ali-Hasan-Al-Saegh4Rajan Nikbakhsh5Christoph Reißfelder6Nuh Rahbari7Arianeb Mehrabi8Mahmoud Sadeghi9Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, GermanyDepartment of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, GermanyDepartment of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, GermanyDepartment of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Transplantation Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyMultiple factors influence graft rejection after kidney transplantation. Pre-operative factors affecting graft function and survival include donor and recipient characteristics such as age, gender, race, and immunologic compatibility. In addition, several peri- and post-operative parameters affect graft function and rejection, such as cold and warm ischemia times, and post-operative immunosuppressive treatment. Exposure to non-self-human leucocyte antigens (HLAs) prior to transplantation up-regulates the recipient’s immune system. A higher rate of acute rejection is observed in transplant recipients with a history of pregnancies or significant exposure to blood products because these patients have higher panel reactive antibody (PRA) levels. Identifying these risk factors will help physicians to reduce the risk of allograft rejection, thereby promoting graft survival. In the current review, we summarize the existing literature on donor- and recipient-related risk factors of graft rejection and graft loss following kidney transplantation.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/5/1392kidney transplantationrejectionrecipient |
| spellingShingle | Hani Oweira Ali Ramouz Omid Ghamarnejad Elias Khajeh Sadeq Ali-Hasan-Al-Saegh Rajan Nikbakhsh Christoph Reißfelder Nuh Rahbari Arianeb Mehrabi Mahmoud Sadeghi Risk Factors of Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Narrative Review Journal of Clinical Medicine kidney transplantation rejection recipient |
| title | Risk Factors of Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Risk Factors of Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Risk Factors of Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Factors of Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Risk Factors of Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | risk factors of rejection in renal transplant recipients a narrative review |
| topic | kidney transplantation rejection recipient |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/5/1392 |
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