<i>APOE</i> Allele Frequency in Southern Greece: Exploring the Role of Geographical Gradient in the Greek Population
Background: the apolipoprotein e4 allele (<i>APOE4</i>) constitutes an established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia (ADD). We aimed to explore the frequency of the <i>APOE</i> isoforms in the Greek population of Southern Greece. Methods: peripheral blood f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Geriatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3417/8/1/1 |
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| author | Vasiliki Papastefanopoulou Evangelia Stanitsa Christos Koros Aimilios Simoudis Chryseis Florou-Hatziyiannidou Ion Beratis Roubina Antonelou Nikolaos Andronas Panagiota Voskou Efthalia Angelopoulou John D. Papatriantafyllou Leonidas Stefanis Christos Kroupis Sokratis G. Papageorgiou |
| author_facet | Vasiliki Papastefanopoulou Evangelia Stanitsa Christos Koros Aimilios Simoudis Chryseis Florou-Hatziyiannidou Ion Beratis Roubina Antonelou Nikolaos Andronas Panagiota Voskou Efthalia Angelopoulou John D. Papatriantafyllou Leonidas Stefanis Christos Kroupis Sokratis G. Papageorgiou |
| author_sort | Vasiliki Papastefanopoulou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: the apolipoprotein e4 allele (<i>APOE4</i>) constitutes an established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia (ADD). We aimed to explore the frequency of the <i>APOE</i> isoforms in the Greek population of Southern Greece. Methods: peripheral blood from 175 Greek AD patients, 113 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 75 healthy individuals. DNA isolation was performed with a High Pure PCR Template Kit (Roche), followed by amplification with a real-time qPCR kit (TIB MolBiol) in Roche’s Light Cycler PCR platform. Results: <i>APOE4</i> allele frequency was 20.57% in the ADD group, 17.69% in the MCI group, and 6.67% in the control group. <i>APOE3/3</i> homozygosity was the most common genotype, while the frequency of <i>APOE4/4</i> homozygosity was higher in the AD group (8.60%). <i>APOE4</i> carrier status was associated with higher odds for ADD and MCI (OR: 4.49, 95% CI: [1.90–10.61] and OR: 3.82, 95% CI: [1.59–9.17], respectively). Conclusion: this study examines the <i>APOE</i> isoforms and is the first to report a higher <i>APOE</i> frequency in MCI compared with healthy controls in southern Greece. Importantly, we report the occurrence of the <i>APOE4</i> allele, related to ADD, as amongst the lowest globally reported, even within the nation, thus enhancing the theory of ethnicity and latitude contribution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:19:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-03521bc2b91a4c2680831635dad6213b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2308-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:19:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geriatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-03521bc2b91a4c2680831635dad6213b2023-02-24T14:52:40ZengMDPI AGGeriatrics2308-34172022-12-0181110.3390/geriatrics8010001<i>APOE</i> Allele Frequency in Southern Greece: Exploring the Role of Geographical Gradient in the Greek PopulationVasiliki Papastefanopoulou0Evangelia Stanitsa1Christos Koros2Aimilios Simoudis3Chryseis Florou-Hatziyiannidou4Ion Beratis5Roubina Antonelou6Nikolaos Andronas7Panagiota Voskou8Efthalia Angelopoulou9John D. Papatriantafyllou10Leonidas Stefanis11Christos Kroupis12Sokratis G. Papageorgiou13Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, GreeceCognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, Greece1st Department of Neurology, Aiginiteio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, GreeceDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, GreeceCognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, Greece1st Department of Neurology, Aiginiteio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, GreeceCognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, GreeceCognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, Greece1st Department of Neurology, Aiginiteio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece1st Department of Neurology, Aiginiteio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece1st Department of Neurology, Aiginiteio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, GreeceCognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, GreeceBackground: the apolipoprotein e4 allele (<i>APOE4</i>) constitutes an established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia (ADD). We aimed to explore the frequency of the <i>APOE</i> isoforms in the Greek population of Southern Greece. Methods: peripheral blood from 175 Greek AD patients, 113 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 75 healthy individuals. DNA isolation was performed with a High Pure PCR Template Kit (Roche), followed by amplification with a real-time qPCR kit (TIB MolBiol) in Roche’s Light Cycler PCR platform. Results: <i>APOE4</i> allele frequency was 20.57% in the ADD group, 17.69% in the MCI group, and 6.67% in the control group. <i>APOE3/3</i> homozygosity was the most common genotype, while the frequency of <i>APOE4/4</i> homozygosity was higher in the AD group (8.60%). <i>APOE4</i> carrier status was associated with higher odds for ADD and MCI (OR: 4.49, 95% CI: [1.90–10.61] and OR: 3.82, 95% CI: [1.59–9.17], respectively). Conclusion: this study examines the <i>APOE</i> isoforms and is the first to report a higher <i>APOE</i> frequency in MCI compared with healthy controls in southern Greece. Importantly, we report the occurrence of the <i>APOE4</i> allele, related to ADD, as amongst the lowest globally reported, even within the nation, thus enhancing the theory of ethnicity and latitude contribution.https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3417/8/1/1Alzheimer’s diseasemild cognitive impairmentApolipoprotein EGreek population |
| spellingShingle | Vasiliki Papastefanopoulou Evangelia Stanitsa Christos Koros Aimilios Simoudis Chryseis Florou-Hatziyiannidou Ion Beratis Roubina Antonelou Nikolaos Andronas Panagiota Voskou Efthalia Angelopoulou John D. Papatriantafyllou Leonidas Stefanis Christos Kroupis Sokratis G. Papageorgiou <i>APOE</i> Allele Frequency in Southern Greece: Exploring the Role of Geographical Gradient in the Greek Population Geriatrics Alzheimer’s disease mild cognitive impairment Apolipoprotein E Greek population |
| title | <i>APOE</i> Allele Frequency in Southern Greece: Exploring the Role of Geographical Gradient in the Greek Population |
| title_full | <i>APOE</i> Allele Frequency in Southern Greece: Exploring the Role of Geographical Gradient in the Greek Population |
| title_fullStr | <i>APOE</i> Allele Frequency in Southern Greece: Exploring the Role of Geographical Gradient in the Greek Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>APOE</i> Allele Frequency in Southern Greece: Exploring the Role of Geographical Gradient in the Greek Population |
| title_short | <i>APOE</i> Allele Frequency in Southern Greece: Exploring the Role of Geographical Gradient in the Greek Population |
| title_sort | i apoe i allele frequency in southern greece exploring the role of geographical gradient in the greek population |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease mild cognitive impairment Apolipoprotein E Greek population |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3417/8/1/1 |
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