Time Domain NMR Approach in the Chemical and Physical Characterization of Hazelnuts (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.)
‘Tonda Gentile Romana’ and ‘Tonda di Giffoni’ (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) are two Italian hazelnut cultivars, recognized under the quality labels “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO) and “Protected Geographical Indication” (PGI), respectively. Hazelnut seeds are characterized by a co...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/10/1950 |
| _version_ | 1797600134572277760 |
|---|---|
| author | Raffaella Gianferri Fabio Sciubba Alessandra Durazzo Paolo Gabrielli Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia Francesca Giorgi Antonello Santini Petra Engel Maria Enrica Di Cocco Maurizio Delfini Massimo Lucarini |
| author_facet | Raffaella Gianferri Fabio Sciubba Alessandra Durazzo Paolo Gabrielli Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia Francesca Giorgi Antonello Santini Petra Engel Maria Enrica Di Cocco Maurizio Delfini Massimo Lucarini |
| author_sort | Raffaella Gianferri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’ and ‘Tonda di Giffoni’ (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) are two Italian hazelnut cultivars, recognized under the quality labels “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO) and “Protected Geographical Indication” (PGI), respectively. Hazelnut seeds are characterized by a complex microstructure and the presence of different physical compartments. This peculiarity has been studied and evidenced by Time Domain (TD) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments. This technique allowed the assessment of the presence of different diffusion compartments, or domains, by evaluating the distribution of the spin–spin relaxation time (T<sub>2</sub>).The aim of this research was to develop a method based on <sup>1</sup>H NMR relaxometry to study the mobility in fresh hazelnut seeds (‘Tonda di Giffoni’ and ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’), in order to determine differences in seed structure and matrix mobility between the two cultivars. TD-NMR measurements were performed from 8 to 55 °C in order to mimic post-harvest processing as well the microscopic textural properties of hazelnut. The Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) experiments showed five components for ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’ and four components for ‘Tonda di Giffoni’ relaxation times. The two slowest components of relaxation (T<sub>2,a</sub> about 30–40% of the NMR signal, and T<sub>2,b</sub> about 50% of the NMR signal) were attributed to the protons of the lipid molecules organized in the organelles (oleosomes), both for the ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’ and for the ‘Tonda di Giffoni’ samples. The component of relaxation T<sub>2,c</sub> was assigned to cytoplasmic water molecules, and showed a T<sub>2</sub> value dominated by diffusive exchange with a reduced value compared to that of pure water at the same temperature. This can be attributed to the water molecules affected by the relaxation effect of the cell walls. The experiments carried out as a function of temperature showed, for ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’, an unexpected trend between 30 and 45 °C, indicating a phase transition in its oil component. This study provides information that could be used to strengthen the specifications underlying the definitions of “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO) and “Protected Geographical Indication” (PGI). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:44:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-035a6430234e431584201af8455c91c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:44:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-035a6430234e431584201af8455c91c72023-11-18T01:20:51ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-05-011210195010.3390/foods12101950Time Domain NMR Approach in the Chemical and Physical Characterization of Hazelnuts (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.)Raffaella Gianferri0Fabio Sciubba1Alessandra Durazzo2Paolo Gabrielli3Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia4Francesca Giorgi5Antonello Santini6Petra Engel7Maria Enrica Di Cocco8Maurizio Delfini9Massimo Lucarini10Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, ItalyCREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, ItalyCREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, ItalyCREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, ItalyCouncil for Research in Agriculture (CREA), Office for International and Institutional Cooperation, Via Archimede 59, 00197 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, ItalyCREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy‘Tonda Gentile Romana’ and ‘Tonda di Giffoni’ (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) are two Italian hazelnut cultivars, recognized under the quality labels “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO) and “Protected Geographical Indication” (PGI), respectively. Hazelnut seeds are characterized by a complex microstructure and the presence of different physical compartments. This peculiarity has been studied and evidenced by Time Domain (TD) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments. This technique allowed the assessment of the presence of different diffusion compartments, or domains, by evaluating the distribution of the spin–spin relaxation time (T<sub>2</sub>).The aim of this research was to develop a method based on <sup>1</sup>H NMR relaxometry to study the mobility in fresh hazelnut seeds (‘Tonda di Giffoni’ and ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’), in order to determine differences in seed structure and matrix mobility between the two cultivars. TD-NMR measurements were performed from 8 to 55 °C in order to mimic post-harvest processing as well the microscopic textural properties of hazelnut. The Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) experiments showed five components for ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’ and four components for ‘Tonda di Giffoni’ relaxation times. The two slowest components of relaxation (T<sub>2,a</sub> about 30–40% of the NMR signal, and T<sub>2,b</sub> about 50% of the NMR signal) were attributed to the protons of the lipid molecules organized in the organelles (oleosomes), both for the ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’ and for the ‘Tonda di Giffoni’ samples. The component of relaxation T<sub>2,c</sub> was assigned to cytoplasmic water molecules, and showed a T<sub>2</sub> value dominated by diffusive exchange with a reduced value compared to that of pure water at the same temperature. This can be attributed to the water molecules affected by the relaxation effect of the cell walls. The experiments carried out as a function of temperature showed, for ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’, an unexpected trend between 30 and 45 °C, indicating a phase transition in its oil component. This study provides information that could be used to strengthen the specifications underlying the definitions of “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO) and “Protected Geographical Indication” (PGI).https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/10/1950Tonda Gentile RomanaTonda di GiffonihazelnutNMR relaxometry |
| spellingShingle | Raffaella Gianferri Fabio Sciubba Alessandra Durazzo Paolo Gabrielli Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia Francesca Giorgi Antonello Santini Petra Engel Maria Enrica Di Cocco Maurizio Delfini Massimo Lucarini Time Domain NMR Approach in the Chemical and Physical Characterization of Hazelnuts (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) Foods Tonda Gentile Romana Tonda di Giffoni hazelnut NMR relaxometry |
| title | Time Domain NMR Approach in the Chemical and Physical Characterization of Hazelnuts (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) |
| title_full | Time Domain NMR Approach in the Chemical and Physical Characterization of Hazelnuts (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Time Domain NMR Approach in the Chemical and Physical Characterization of Hazelnuts (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time Domain NMR Approach in the Chemical and Physical Characterization of Hazelnuts (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) |
| title_short | Time Domain NMR Approach in the Chemical and Physical Characterization of Hazelnuts (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) |
| title_sort | time domain nmr approach in the chemical and physical characterization of hazelnuts i corylus avellana i l |
| topic | Tonda Gentile Romana Tonda di Giffoni hazelnut NMR relaxometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/10/1950 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT raffaellagianferri timedomainnmrapproachinthechemicalandphysicalcharacterizationofhazelnutsicorylusavellanail AT fabiosciubba timedomainnmrapproachinthechemicalandphysicalcharacterizationofhazelnutsicorylusavellanail AT alessandradurazzo timedomainnmrapproachinthechemicalandphysicalcharacterizationofhazelnutsicorylusavellanail AT paologabrielli timedomainnmrapproachinthechemicalandphysicalcharacterizationofhazelnutsicorylusavellanail AT ginevralombardiboccia timedomainnmrapproachinthechemicalandphysicalcharacterizationofhazelnutsicorylusavellanail AT francescagiorgi timedomainnmrapproachinthechemicalandphysicalcharacterizationofhazelnutsicorylusavellanail AT antonellosantini timedomainnmrapproachinthechemicalandphysicalcharacterizationofhazelnutsicorylusavellanail AT petraengel timedomainnmrapproachinthechemicalandphysicalcharacterizationofhazelnutsicorylusavellanail AT mariaenricadicocco timedomainnmrapproachinthechemicalandphysicalcharacterizationofhazelnutsicorylusavellanail AT mauriziodelfini timedomainnmrapproachinthechemicalandphysicalcharacterizationofhazelnutsicorylusavellanail AT massimolucarini timedomainnmrapproachinthechemicalandphysicalcharacterizationofhazelnutsicorylusavellanail |