A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin Physiological and Pathological Processes
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in environmental responses and xenobiotic metabolism, as it controls the transcription profiles of several genes in a ligand-specific and cell-type-specific manner. Various barrier tissues, including skin, display the expression of AhR. Recent...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/3/1104 |
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| author | Monika Szelest Katarzyna Walczak Tomasz Plech |
| author_facet | Monika Szelest Katarzyna Walczak Tomasz Plech |
| author_sort | Monika Szelest |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in environmental responses and xenobiotic metabolism, as it controls the transcription profiles of several genes in a ligand-specific and cell-type-specific manner. Various barrier tissues, including skin, display the expression of AhR. Recent studies revealed multiple roles of AhR in skin physiology and disease, including melanogenesis, inflammation and cancer. Tryptophan metabolites are distinguished among the groups of natural and synthetic AhR ligands, and these include kynurenine, kynurenic acid and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ). Tryptophan derivatives can affect and regulate a variety of signaling pathways. Thus, the interest in how these substances influence physiological and pathological processes in the skin is expanding rapidly. The widespread presence of these substances and potential continuous exposure of the skin to their biological effects indicate the important role of AhR and its ligands in the prevention, pathogenesis and progression of skin diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of AhR in skin physiology. Moreover, we discuss the role of AhR in skin pathological processes, including inflammatory skin diseases, pigmentation disorders and cancer. Finally, the impact of FICZ, kynurenic acid, and kynurenine on physiological and pathological processes in the skin is considered. However, the mechanisms of how AhR regulates skin function require further investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:55:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-035b5b792dd941e1a5b909ccbf84172f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:55:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-035b5b792dd941e1a5b909ccbf84172f2023-12-03T14:20:27ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-01-01223110410.3390/ijms22031104A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin Physiological and Pathological ProcessesMonika Szelest0Katarzyna Walczak1Tomasz Plech2Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, PolandThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in environmental responses and xenobiotic metabolism, as it controls the transcription profiles of several genes in a ligand-specific and cell-type-specific manner. Various barrier tissues, including skin, display the expression of AhR. Recent studies revealed multiple roles of AhR in skin physiology and disease, including melanogenesis, inflammation and cancer. Tryptophan metabolites are distinguished among the groups of natural and synthetic AhR ligands, and these include kynurenine, kynurenic acid and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ). Tryptophan derivatives can affect and regulate a variety of signaling pathways. Thus, the interest in how these substances influence physiological and pathological processes in the skin is expanding rapidly. The widespread presence of these substances and potential continuous exposure of the skin to their biological effects indicate the important role of AhR and its ligands in the prevention, pathogenesis and progression of skin diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of AhR in skin physiology. Moreover, we discuss the role of AhR in skin pathological processes, including inflammatory skin diseases, pigmentation disorders and cancer. Finally, the impact of FICZ, kynurenic acid, and kynurenine on physiological and pathological processes in the skin is considered. However, the mechanisms of how AhR regulates skin function require further investigation.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/3/1104aryl hydrocarbon receptortryptophankynurenineFICZskinkynurenic acid |
| spellingShingle | Monika Szelest Katarzyna Walczak Tomasz Plech A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin Physiological and Pathological Processes International Journal of Molecular Sciences aryl hydrocarbon receptor tryptophan kynurenine FICZ skin kynurenic acid |
| title | A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin Physiological and Pathological Processes |
| title_full | A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin Physiological and Pathological Processes |
| title_fullStr | A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin Physiological and Pathological Processes |
| title_full_unstemmed | A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin Physiological and Pathological Processes |
| title_short | A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin Physiological and Pathological Processes |
| title_sort | new insight into the potential role of tryptophan derived ahr ligands in skin physiological and pathological processes |
| topic | aryl hydrocarbon receptor tryptophan kynurenine FICZ skin kynurenic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/3/1104 |
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