Characterization and Biodegradation of Phenol by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> Strains Isolated from Sewage Sludge and Their Effect on Soybean Seeds Germination
Phenols are very soluble in water; as a result, they can pollute a massive volume of fresh water, wastewater, groundwater, oceans, and soil, negatively affecting plant germination and animal and human health. For the detoxification and bioremediation of phenol in wastewater, phenol biodegradation us...
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2023-01-01
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| author | Samir A. Mahgoub Shaza Y. A. Qattan Salma S. Salem Howaida M. Abdelbasit Mohamed Raafat Mada F. Ashkan Diana A. Al-Quwaie Ebtihal Abdullah Motwali Fatimah S. Alqahtani Hassan I. Abd El-Fattah |
| author_facet | Samir A. Mahgoub Shaza Y. A. Qattan Salma S. Salem Howaida M. Abdelbasit Mohamed Raafat Mada F. Ashkan Diana A. Al-Quwaie Ebtihal Abdullah Motwali Fatimah S. Alqahtani Hassan I. Abd El-Fattah |
| author_sort | Samir A. Mahgoub |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phenols are very soluble in water; as a result, they can pollute a massive volume of fresh water, wastewater, groundwater, oceans, and soil, negatively affecting plant germination and animal and human health. For the detoxification and bioremediation of phenol in wastewater, phenol biodegradation using novel bacteria isolated from sewage sludge was investigated. Twenty samples from sewage sludge (SS) were collected, and bacteria in SS contents were cultured in the mineral salt agar (MSA) containing phenol (500 mg/L). Twenty colonies (S1 up to S20) were recovered from all the tested SS samples. The characteristics of three bacterial properties, 16S rDNA sequencing, similarities, GenBank accession number, and phylogenetic analysis showed that strains S3, S10, and S18 were <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae,</i> and <i>Klebsiella variicola</i>, respectively. <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae,</i> and <i>K. variicola</i> were able to degrade 1000 mg/L phenol in the mineral salt medium. The bacterial strains from sewage sludge were efficient in removing 71.70 and 74.67% of phenol at 1000 mg/L within three days and could tolerate high phenol concentrations (2000 mg/L). The findings showed that <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae,</i> and <i>K. variicola</i> could potentially treat phenolic water. All soybean and faba bean seeds were germinated after being treated with 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/L phenol in a mineral salt medium inoculated with these strains. The highest maximum phenol removal and detoxification rates were <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>K. variicola.</i> These strains may help decompose and detoxify phenol from industrial wastewater with high phenol levels and bioremediating phenol-contaminated soils. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:32:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-035e6689086e4d75ae419d8652b0cdb5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:32:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-035e6689086e4d75ae419d8652b0cdb52023-11-16T17:29:07ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-01-01283120310.3390/molecules28031203Characterization and Biodegradation of Phenol by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> Strains Isolated from Sewage Sludge and Their Effect on Soybean Seeds GerminationSamir A. Mahgoub0Shaza Y. A. Qattan1Salma S. Salem2Howaida M. Abdelbasit3Mohamed Raafat4Mada F. Ashkan5Diana A. Al-Quwaie6Ebtihal Abdullah Motwali7Fatimah S. Alqahtani8Hassan I. Abd El-Fattah9Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptDepartment of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80203, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaBiological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi ArabiaBiological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptPhenols are very soluble in water; as a result, they can pollute a massive volume of fresh water, wastewater, groundwater, oceans, and soil, negatively affecting plant germination and animal and human health. For the detoxification and bioremediation of phenol in wastewater, phenol biodegradation using novel bacteria isolated from sewage sludge was investigated. Twenty samples from sewage sludge (SS) were collected, and bacteria in SS contents were cultured in the mineral salt agar (MSA) containing phenol (500 mg/L). Twenty colonies (S1 up to S20) were recovered from all the tested SS samples. The characteristics of three bacterial properties, 16S rDNA sequencing, similarities, GenBank accession number, and phylogenetic analysis showed that strains S3, S10, and S18 were <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae,</i> and <i>Klebsiella variicola</i>, respectively. <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae,</i> and <i>K. variicola</i> were able to degrade 1000 mg/L phenol in the mineral salt medium. The bacterial strains from sewage sludge were efficient in removing 71.70 and 74.67% of phenol at 1000 mg/L within three days and could tolerate high phenol concentrations (2000 mg/L). The findings showed that <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae,</i> and <i>K. variicola</i> could potentially treat phenolic water. All soybean and faba bean seeds were germinated after being treated with 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/L phenol in a mineral salt medium inoculated with these strains. The highest maximum phenol removal and detoxification rates were <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>K. variicola.</i> These strains may help decompose and detoxify phenol from industrial wastewater with high phenol levels and bioremediating phenol-contaminated soils.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1203phenolbiodegradation<i>Pseudomonas</i><i>Klebsiella</i>sewage sludgesoybean |
| spellingShingle | Samir A. Mahgoub Shaza Y. A. Qattan Salma S. Salem Howaida M. Abdelbasit Mohamed Raafat Mada F. Ashkan Diana A. Al-Quwaie Ebtihal Abdullah Motwali Fatimah S. Alqahtani Hassan I. Abd El-Fattah Characterization and Biodegradation of Phenol by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> Strains Isolated from Sewage Sludge and Their Effect on Soybean Seeds Germination Molecules phenol biodegradation <i>Pseudomonas</i> <i>Klebsiella</i> sewage sludge soybean |
| title | Characterization and Biodegradation of Phenol by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> Strains Isolated from Sewage Sludge and Their Effect on Soybean Seeds Germination |
| title_full | Characterization and Biodegradation of Phenol by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> Strains Isolated from Sewage Sludge and Their Effect on Soybean Seeds Germination |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and Biodegradation of Phenol by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> Strains Isolated from Sewage Sludge and Their Effect on Soybean Seeds Germination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and Biodegradation of Phenol by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> Strains Isolated from Sewage Sludge and Their Effect on Soybean Seeds Germination |
| title_short | Characterization and Biodegradation of Phenol by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> Strains Isolated from Sewage Sludge and Their Effect on Soybean Seeds Germination |
| title_sort | characterization and biodegradation of phenol by i pseudomonas aeruginosa i and i klebsiella variicola i strains isolated from sewage sludge and their effect on soybean seeds germination |
| topic | phenol biodegradation <i>Pseudomonas</i> <i>Klebsiella</i> sewage sludge soybean |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1203 |
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