Density and temperature of energetic electrons in the Earth's magnetotail derived from high-latitude GPS observations during the declining phase of the solar cycle
Single relativistic-Maxwellian fits are made to high-latitude GPS-satellite observations of energetic electrons for the period January 2006–November 2010; a constellation of 12 GPS space vehicles provides the observations. The derived fit parameters (for energies ~0.1–1.0 MeV), in combination wi...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2011-10-01
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| Series: | Annales Geophysicae |
| Online Access: | https://www.ann-geophys.net/29/1755/2011/angeo-29-1755-2011.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811255515893727232 |
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| author | M. H. Denton T. E. Cayton |
| author_facet | M. H. Denton T. E. Cayton |
| author_sort | M. H. Denton |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Single relativistic-Maxwellian fits are made to high-latitude GPS-satellite
observations of energetic electrons for the period January 2006–November 2010; a
constellation of 12 GPS space vehicles provides the observations. The
derived fit parameters (for energies ~0.1–1.0 MeV), in combination
with field-line mapping on the nightside of the magnetosphere, provide a
survey of the energetic electron density and temperature distribution in the
magnetotail between McIlwain L-values of <I>L</I>=6 and <I>L</I>=22. Analysis reveals the
characteristics of the density-temperature distribution of energetic
electrons and its variation as a function of solar wind speed and the Kp
index. The density-temperature characteristics of the magnetotail energetic
electrons are very similar to those found in the outer electron radiation
belt as measured at geosynchronous orbit. The energetic electron density in
the magnetotail is much greater during increased geomagnetic activity and
during fast solar wind. The total electron density in the magnetotail is
found to be strongly correlated with solar wind speed and is at least a
factor of two greater for high-speed solar wind (<I>V</I><sub>SW</sub>=500–1000 km s<sup>−1</sup>)
compared to low-speed solar wind (<I>V</I><sub>SW</sub>=100–400 km s<sup>−1</sup>).
These results have important implications for understanding (a) how the
solar wind may modulate entry into the magnetosphere during fast and slow
solar wind, and (b) if the magnetotail is a source or a sink for the outer
electron radiation belt. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:25:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0360e48c7e9f46e4bdcc7f89d07b5bdf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0992-7689 1432-0576 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:25:02Z |
| publishDate | 2011-10-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annales Geophysicae |
| spelling | doaj.art-0360e48c7e9f46e4bdcc7f89d07b5bdf2022-12-22T03:23:19ZengCopernicus PublicationsAnnales Geophysicae0992-76891432-05762011-10-01291755176310.5194/angeo-29-1755-2011Density and temperature of energetic electrons in the Earth's magnetotail derived from high-latitude GPS observations during the declining phase of the solar cycleM. H. Denton0T. E. Cayton1Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UKISR-1, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USASingle relativistic-Maxwellian fits are made to high-latitude GPS-satellite observations of energetic electrons for the period January 2006–November 2010; a constellation of 12 GPS space vehicles provides the observations. The derived fit parameters (for energies ~0.1–1.0 MeV), in combination with field-line mapping on the nightside of the magnetosphere, provide a survey of the energetic electron density and temperature distribution in the magnetotail between McIlwain L-values of <I>L</I>=6 and <I>L</I>=22. Analysis reveals the characteristics of the density-temperature distribution of energetic electrons and its variation as a function of solar wind speed and the Kp index. The density-temperature characteristics of the magnetotail energetic electrons are very similar to those found in the outer electron radiation belt as measured at geosynchronous orbit. The energetic electron density in the magnetotail is much greater during increased geomagnetic activity and during fast solar wind. The total electron density in the magnetotail is found to be strongly correlated with solar wind speed and is at least a factor of two greater for high-speed solar wind (<I>V</I><sub>SW</sub>=500–1000 km s<sup>−1</sup>) compared to low-speed solar wind (<I>V</I><sub>SW</sub>=100–400 km s<sup>−1</sup>). These results have important implications for understanding (a) how the solar wind may modulate entry into the magnetosphere during fast and slow solar wind, and (b) if the magnetotail is a source or a sink for the outer electron radiation belt.https://www.ann-geophys.net/29/1755/2011/angeo-29-1755-2011.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. H. Denton T. E. Cayton Density and temperature of energetic electrons in the Earth's magnetotail derived from high-latitude GPS observations during the declining phase of the solar cycle Annales Geophysicae |
| title | Density and temperature of energetic electrons in the Earth's magnetotail derived from high-latitude GPS observations during the declining phase of the solar cycle |
| title_full | Density and temperature of energetic electrons in the Earth's magnetotail derived from high-latitude GPS observations during the declining phase of the solar cycle |
| title_fullStr | Density and temperature of energetic electrons in the Earth's magnetotail derived from high-latitude GPS observations during the declining phase of the solar cycle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Density and temperature of energetic electrons in the Earth's magnetotail derived from high-latitude GPS observations during the declining phase of the solar cycle |
| title_short | Density and temperature of energetic electrons in the Earth's magnetotail derived from high-latitude GPS observations during the declining phase of the solar cycle |
| title_sort | density and temperature of energetic electrons in the earth s magnetotail derived from high latitude gps observations during the declining phase of the solar cycle |
| url | https://www.ann-geophys.net/29/1755/2011/angeo-29-1755-2011.pdf |
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