Population Genetic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes From Sudan Revealed Recent Independent Colonization Events by the Two Subspecies
Increases in arbovirus outbreaks in Sudan are vectored by Aedes aegypti, raising the medical importance of this mosquito. We genotyped 12 microsatellite loci in four populations of Ae. aegypti from Sudan, two from the East and two from the West, and analyzed them together with a previously published...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.825652/full |
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| author | Mohammed-Ahmed B. Elnour Andrea Gloria-Soria Andrea Gloria-Soria Rasha S. Azrag Abeer M. Alkhaibari Jeffrey R. Powell Bashir Salim |
| author_facet | Mohammed-Ahmed B. Elnour Andrea Gloria-Soria Andrea Gloria-Soria Rasha S. Azrag Abeer M. Alkhaibari Jeffrey R. Powell Bashir Salim |
| author_sort | Mohammed-Ahmed B. Elnour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increases in arbovirus outbreaks in Sudan are vectored by Aedes aegypti, raising the medical importance of this mosquito. We genotyped 12 microsatellite loci in four populations of Ae. aegypti from Sudan, two from the East and two from the West, and analyzed them together with a previously published database of 31 worldwide populations to infer population structure and investigate the demographic history of this species in Sudan. Our results revealed the presence of two genetically distinct subspecies of Ae. aegypti in Sudan. These are Ae. aegypti aegypti in Eastern Sudan and Ae. aegypti formosus in Western Sudan. Clustering analysis showed that mosquitoes from East Sudan are genetically homogeneous, while we found population substructure in West Sudan. In the global context our results indicate that Eastern Sudan populations are genetically closer to Asian and American populations, while Western Sudan populations are related to East and West African populations. Approximate Bayesian Computation Analysis supports a scenario in which Ae. aegypti entered Sudan in at least two independent occasions nearly 70–80 years ago. This study provides a baseline database that can be used to determine the likely origin of new introductions for this invasive species into Sudan. The presence of the two subspecies in the country should be consider when designing interventions, since they display different behaviors regarding epidemiologically relevant parameters, such as blood feeding preferences and ability to transmit disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T23:53:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0365dcc1d872486cac20a67f5e457c34 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T23:53:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-0365dcc1d872486cac20a67f5e457c342022-12-21T17:25:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212022-02-011310.3389/fgene.2022.825652825652Population Genetic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes From Sudan Revealed Recent Independent Colonization Events by the Two SubspeciesMohammed-Ahmed B. Elnour0Andrea Gloria-Soria1Andrea Gloria-Soria2Rasha S. Azrag3Abeer M. Alkhaibari4Jeffrey R. Powell5Bashir Salim6Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, SudanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United StatesDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United StatesDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United StatesDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, SudanIncreases in arbovirus outbreaks in Sudan are vectored by Aedes aegypti, raising the medical importance of this mosquito. We genotyped 12 microsatellite loci in four populations of Ae. aegypti from Sudan, two from the East and two from the West, and analyzed them together with a previously published database of 31 worldwide populations to infer population structure and investigate the demographic history of this species in Sudan. Our results revealed the presence of two genetically distinct subspecies of Ae. aegypti in Sudan. These are Ae. aegypti aegypti in Eastern Sudan and Ae. aegypti formosus in Western Sudan. Clustering analysis showed that mosquitoes from East Sudan are genetically homogeneous, while we found population substructure in West Sudan. In the global context our results indicate that Eastern Sudan populations are genetically closer to Asian and American populations, while Western Sudan populations are related to East and West African populations. Approximate Bayesian Computation Analysis supports a scenario in which Ae. aegypti entered Sudan in at least two independent occasions nearly 70–80 years ago. This study provides a baseline database that can be used to determine the likely origin of new introductions for this invasive species into Sudan. The presence of the two subspecies in the country should be consider when designing interventions, since they display different behaviors regarding epidemiologically relevant parameters, such as blood feeding preferences and ability to transmit disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.825652/fullAedes aegyptimicrosatellitesgenetic diversitypopulation geneticsSudan |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed-Ahmed B. Elnour Andrea Gloria-Soria Andrea Gloria-Soria Rasha S. Azrag Abeer M. Alkhaibari Jeffrey R. Powell Bashir Salim Population Genetic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes From Sudan Revealed Recent Independent Colonization Events by the Two Subspecies Frontiers in Genetics Aedes aegypti microsatellites genetic diversity population genetics Sudan |
| title | Population Genetic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes From Sudan Revealed Recent Independent Colonization Events by the Two Subspecies |
| title_full | Population Genetic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes From Sudan Revealed Recent Independent Colonization Events by the Two Subspecies |
| title_fullStr | Population Genetic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes From Sudan Revealed Recent Independent Colonization Events by the Two Subspecies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Population Genetic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes From Sudan Revealed Recent Independent Colonization Events by the Two Subspecies |
| title_short | Population Genetic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes From Sudan Revealed Recent Independent Colonization Events by the Two Subspecies |
| title_sort | population genetic analysis of aedes aegypti mosquitoes from sudan revealed recent independent colonization events by the two subspecies |
| topic | Aedes aegypti microsatellites genetic diversity population genetics Sudan |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.825652/full |
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