Viruses of Eukaryotic Algae: Diversity, Methods for Detection, and Future Directions
The scope for ecological studies of eukaryotic algal viruses has greatly improved with the development of molecular and bioinformatic approaches that do not require algal cultures. Here, we review the history and perceived future opportunities for research on eukaryotic algal viruses. We begin with...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/9/487 |
| _version_ | 1811233622500311040 |
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| author | Samantha R. Coy Eric R. Gann Helena L. Pound Steven M. Short Steven W. Wilhelm |
| author_facet | Samantha R. Coy Eric R. Gann Helena L. Pound Steven M. Short Steven W. Wilhelm |
| author_sort | Samantha R. Coy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The scope for ecological studies of eukaryotic algal viruses has greatly improved with the development of molecular and bioinformatic approaches that do not require algal cultures. Here, we review the history and perceived future opportunities for research on eukaryotic algal viruses. We begin with a summary of the 65 eukaryotic algal viruses that are presently in culture collections, with emphasis on shared evolutionary traits (e.g., conserved core genes) of each known viral type. We then describe how core genes have been used to enable molecular detection of viruses in the environment, ranging from PCR-based amplification to community scale “-omics” approaches. Special attention is given to recent studies that have employed network-analyses of -omics data to predict virus-host relationships, from which a general bioinformatics pipeline is described for this type of approach. Finally, we conclude with acknowledgement of how the field of aquatic virology is adapting to these advances, and highlight the need to properly characterize new virus-host systems that may be isolated using preliminary molecular surveys. Researchers can approach this work using lessons learned from the Chlorella virus system, which is not only the best characterized algal-virus system, but is also responsible for much of the foundation in the field of aquatic virology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:22:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-036788cf1c394176b55bebd47d7b5f36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:22:49Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-036788cf1c394176b55bebd47d7b5f362022-12-22T03:35:18ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152018-09-0110948710.3390/v10090487v10090487Viruses of Eukaryotic Algae: Diversity, Methods for Detection, and Future DirectionsSamantha R. Coy0Eric R. Gann1Helena L. Pound2Steven M. Short3Steven W. Wilhelm4The Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAThe Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAThe Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAThe Department of Biology, The University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, CanadaThe Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAThe scope for ecological studies of eukaryotic algal viruses has greatly improved with the development of molecular and bioinformatic approaches that do not require algal cultures. Here, we review the history and perceived future opportunities for research on eukaryotic algal viruses. We begin with a summary of the 65 eukaryotic algal viruses that are presently in culture collections, with emphasis on shared evolutionary traits (e.g., conserved core genes) of each known viral type. We then describe how core genes have been used to enable molecular detection of viruses in the environment, ranging from PCR-based amplification to community scale “-omics” approaches. Special attention is given to recent studies that have employed network-analyses of -omics data to predict virus-host relationships, from which a general bioinformatics pipeline is described for this type of approach. Finally, we conclude with acknowledgement of how the field of aquatic virology is adapting to these advances, and highlight the need to properly characterize new virus-host systems that may be isolated using preliminary molecular surveys. Researchers can approach this work using lessons learned from the Chlorella virus system, which is not only the best characterized algal-virus system, but is also responsible for much of the foundation in the field of aquatic virology.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/9/487eukaryotic algal virusalgal-NCLDVPicornaviralesphytoplankton |
| spellingShingle | Samantha R. Coy Eric R. Gann Helena L. Pound Steven M. Short Steven W. Wilhelm Viruses of Eukaryotic Algae: Diversity, Methods for Detection, and Future Directions Viruses eukaryotic algal virus algal-NCLDV Picornavirales phytoplankton |
| title | Viruses of Eukaryotic Algae: Diversity, Methods for Detection, and Future Directions |
| title_full | Viruses of Eukaryotic Algae: Diversity, Methods for Detection, and Future Directions |
| title_fullStr | Viruses of Eukaryotic Algae: Diversity, Methods for Detection, and Future Directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viruses of Eukaryotic Algae: Diversity, Methods for Detection, and Future Directions |
| title_short | Viruses of Eukaryotic Algae: Diversity, Methods for Detection, and Future Directions |
| title_sort | viruses of eukaryotic algae diversity methods for detection and future directions |
| topic | eukaryotic algal virus algal-NCLDV Picornavirales phytoplankton |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/9/487 |
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