Human Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Produced by Different Cells: Classification of the SERS Spectra with Linear Discriminant Analysis
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidase widely presented in human tissues and biological fluids. ACE is a glycoprotein containing 17 potential N-glycosylation sites which can be glycosylated in different ways due to post-translational modification of the protein in different cells. For...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/6/1389 |
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| author | Irina Boginskaya Robert Safiullin Victoria Tikhomirova Olga Kryukova Natalia Nechaeva Naida Bulaeva Elena Golukhova Ilya Ryzhikov Olga Kost Konstantin Afanasev Ilya Kurochkin |
| author_facet | Irina Boginskaya Robert Safiullin Victoria Tikhomirova Olga Kryukova Natalia Nechaeva Naida Bulaeva Elena Golukhova Ilya Ryzhikov Olga Kost Konstantin Afanasev Ilya Kurochkin |
| author_sort | Irina Boginskaya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidase widely presented in human tissues and biological fluids. ACE is a glycoprotein containing 17 potential N-glycosylation sites which can be glycosylated in different ways due to post-translational modification of the protein in different cells. For the first time, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of human ACE from lungs, mainly produced by endothelial cells, ACE from heart, produced by endothelial heart cells and miofibroblasts, and ACE from seminal fluid, produced by epithelial cells, have been compared with full assignment. The ability to separate ACEs’ SERS spectra was demonstrated using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method with high accuracy. The intervals in the spectra with maximum contributions of the spectral features were determined and their contribution to the spectrum of each separate ACE was evaluated. Near 25 spectral features forming three intervals were enough for successful separation of the spectra of different ACEs. However, more spectral information could be obtained from analysis of 50 spectral features. Band assignment showed that several features did not correlate with band assignments to amino acids or peptides, which indicated the carbohydrate contribution to the final spectra. Analysis of SERS spectra could be beneficial for the detection of tissue-specific ACEs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:19:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0368e5dd3b3344c38a5a993b05075162 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:19:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-0368e5dd3b3344c38a5a993b050751622023-11-23T15:43:59ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-06-01106138910.3390/biomedicines10061389Human Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Produced by Different Cells: Classification of the SERS Spectra with Linear Discriminant AnalysisIrina Boginskaya0Robert Safiullin1Victoria Tikhomirova2Olga Kryukova3Natalia Nechaeva4Naida Bulaeva5Elena Golukhova6Ilya Ryzhikov7Olga Kost8Konstantin Afanasev9Ilya Kurochkin10Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics RAS, 125412 Moscow, RussiaInstitute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics RAS, 125412 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaEmanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, 119334 Moscow, RussiaBakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiology Department, 121552 Moscow, RussiaBakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiology Department, 121552 Moscow, RussiaInstitute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics RAS, 125412 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaInstitute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics RAS, 125412 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaAngiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidase widely presented in human tissues and biological fluids. ACE is a glycoprotein containing 17 potential N-glycosylation sites which can be glycosylated in different ways due to post-translational modification of the protein in different cells. For the first time, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of human ACE from lungs, mainly produced by endothelial cells, ACE from heart, produced by endothelial heart cells and miofibroblasts, and ACE from seminal fluid, produced by epithelial cells, have been compared with full assignment. The ability to separate ACEs’ SERS spectra was demonstrated using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method with high accuracy. The intervals in the spectra with maximum contributions of the spectral features were determined and their contribution to the spectrum of each separate ACE was evaluated. Near 25 spectral features forming three intervals were enough for successful separation of the spectra of different ACEs. However, more spectral information could be obtained from analysis of 50 spectral features. Band assignment showed that several features did not correlate with band assignments to amino acids or peptides, which indicated the carbohydrate contribution to the final spectra. Analysis of SERS spectra could be beneficial for the detection of tissue-specific ACEs.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/6/1389angiotensin I-converting enzymeSERSnanostructured surfacefull spectra assignmentlinear discriminant analysistissue-specificity |
| spellingShingle | Irina Boginskaya Robert Safiullin Victoria Tikhomirova Olga Kryukova Natalia Nechaeva Naida Bulaeva Elena Golukhova Ilya Ryzhikov Olga Kost Konstantin Afanasev Ilya Kurochkin Human Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Produced by Different Cells: Classification of the SERS Spectra with Linear Discriminant Analysis Biomedicines angiotensin I-converting enzyme SERS nanostructured surface full spectra assignment linear discriminant analysis tissue-specificity |
| title | Human Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Produced by Different Cells: Classification of the SERS Spectra with Linear Discriminant Analysis |
| title_full | Human Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Produced by Different Cells: Classification of the SERS Spectra with Linear Discriminant Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Human Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Produced by Different Cells: Classification of the SERS Spectra with Linear Discriminant Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Produced by Different Cells: Classification of the SERS Spectra with Linear Discriminant Analysis |
| title_short | Human Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Produced by Different Cells: Classification of the SERS Spectra with Linear Discriminant Analysis |
| title_sort | human angiotensin i converting enzyme produced by different cells classification of the sers spectra with linear discriminant analysis |
| topic | angiotensin I-converting enzyme SERS nanostructured surface full spectra assignment linear discriminant analysis tissue-specificity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/6/1389 |
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