Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Abstract The aleurone is a critical component of the cereal seed and is located at the periphery of the starchy endosperm. During germination, the aleurone is responsible for releasing hydrolytic enzymes that degrade cell wall polysaccharides and starch granules, which is a key requirement for barle...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2018-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29068-4 |
| _version_ | 1818345397702098944 |
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| author | Matthew K. Aubert Stewart Coventry Neil J. Shirley Natalie S. Betts Tobias Würschum Rachel A. Burton Matthew R. Tucker |
| author_facet | Matthew K. Aubert Stewart Coventry Neil J. Shirley Natalie S. Betts Tobias Würschum Rachel A. Burton Matthew R. Tucker |
| author_sort | Matthew K. Aubert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The aleurone is a critical component of the cereal seed and is located at the periphery of the starchy endosperm. During germination, the aleurone is responsible for releasing hydrolytic enzymes that degrade cell wall polysaccharides and starch granules, which is a key requirement for barley malt production. Inter- and intra-species differences in aleurone layer number have been identified in the cereals but the significance of this variation during seed development and germination remains unclear. In this study, natural variation in mature aleurone features was examined in a panel of 33 Hordeum vulgare (barley) genotypes. Differences were identified in the number of aleurone cell layers, the transverse thickness of the aleurone and the proportion of aleurone relative to starchy endosperm. In addition, variation was identified in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes that are associated with germination. Notably, activity of the free fraction of β-amylase (BMY), but not the bound fraction, was increased at grain maturity in barley varieties possessing more aleurone. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) and transcriptional profiling confirmed that HvBMY1 is the most abundant BMY gene in developing grain and accumulates in the aleurone during early stages of grain fill. The results reveal a link between molecular pathways influencing early aleurone development and increased levels of free β-amylase enzyme, potentially highlighting the aleurone as a repository of free β-amylase at grain maturity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T17:01:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0374b3b95b0448de979a391009421c07 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T17:01:44Z |
| publishDate | 2018-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-0374b3b95b0448de979a391009421c072022-12-21T23:37:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222018-07-018111410.1038/s41598-018-29068-4Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)Matthew K. Aubert0Stewart Coventry1Neil J. Shirley2Natalie S. Betts3Tobias Würschum4Rachel A. Burton5Matthew R. Tucker6School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of AdelaideSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of AdelaideSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of AdelaideSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of AdelaideState Plant Breeding Institute, University of HohenheimAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, the University of AdelaideSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of AdelaideAbstract The aleurone is a critical component of the cereal seed and is located at the periphery of the starchy endosperm. During germination, the aleurone is responsible for releasing hydrolytic enzymes that degrade cell wall polysaccharides and starch granules, which is a key requirement for barley malt production. Inter- and intra-species differences in aleurone layer number have been identified in the cereals but the significance of this variation during seed development and germination remains unclear. In this study, natural variation in mature aleurone features was examined in a panel of 33 Hordeum vulgare (barley) genotypes. Differences were identified in the number of aleurone cell layers, the transverse thickness of the aleurone and the proportion of aleurone relative to starchy endosperm. In addition, variation was identified in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes that are associated with germination. Notably, activity of the free fraction of β-amylase (BMY), but not the bound fraction, was increased at grain maturity in barley varieties possessing more aleurone. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) and transcriptional profiling confirmed that HvBMY1 is the most abundant BMY gene in developing grain and accumulates in the aleurone during early stages of grain fill. The results reveal a link between molecular pathways influencing early aleurone development and increased levels of free β-amylase enzyme, potentially highlighting the aleurone as a repository of free β-amylase at grain maturity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29068-4 |
| spellingShingle | Matthew K. Aubert Stewart Coventry Neil J. Shirley Natalie S. Betts Tobias Würschum Rachel A. Burton Matthew R. Tucker Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Scientific Reports |
| title | Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) |
| title_full | Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) |
| title_fullStr | Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) |
| title_short | Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) |
| title_sort | differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley hordeum vulgare l |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29068-4 |
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