The TOR Signaling Pathway in Spatial and Temporal Control of Cell Size and Growth
Cell size is amenable by genetic and environmental factors. The highly conserved nutrient-responsive Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway regulates cellular metabolic status and growth in response to numerous inputs. Timing and duration of TOR pathway activity is pivotal for both cell mass bu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2017.00061/full |
| _version_ | 1828322502521126912 |
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| author | Suam Gonzalez Charalampos Rallis |
| author_facet | Suam Gonzalez Charalampos Rallis |
| author_sort | Suam Gonzalez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cell size is amenable by genetic and environmental factors. The highly conserved nutrient-responsive Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway regulates cellular metabolic status and growth in response to numerous inputs. Timing and duration of TOR pathway activity is pivotal for both cell mass built up as well as cell cycle progression and is controlled and fine-tuned by the abundance and quality of nutrients, hormonal signals, growth factors, stress, and oxygen. TOR kinases function within two functionally and structurally discrete multiprotein complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, that are implicated in temporal and spatial control of cell size and growth respectively; however, recent data indicate that such functional distinctions are much more complex. Here, we briefly review roles of the two complexes in cellular growth and cytoarchitecture in various experimental model systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:41:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0375fe8745d34dcd9ffba893dffc72c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:41:19Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0375fe8745d34dcd9ffba893dffc72c02022-12-22T02:34:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2017-06-01510.3389/fcell.2017.00061267512The TOR Signaling Pathway in Spatial and Temporal Control of Cell Size and GrowthSuam GonzalezCharalampos RallisCell size is amenable by genetic and environmental factors. The highly conserved nutrient-responsive Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway regulates cellular metabolic status and growth in response to numerous inputs. Timing and duration of TOR pathway activity is pivotal for both cell mass built up as well as cell cycle progression and is controlled and fine-tuned by the abundance and quality of nutrients, hormonal signals, growth factors, stress, and oxygen. TOR kinases function within two functionally and structurally discrete multiprotein complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, that are implicated in temporal and spatial control of cell size and growth respectively; however, recent data indicate that such functional distinctions are much more complex. Here, we briefly review roles of the two complexes in cellular growth and cytoarchitecture in various experimental model systems.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2017.00061/fullcell sizecell cyclegrowthrapamycinsignalingnutrients |
| spellingShingle | Suam Gonzalez Charalampos Rallis The TOR Signaling Pathway in Spatial and Temporal Control of Cell Size and Growth Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology cell size cell cycle growth rapamycin signaling nutrients |
| title | The TOR Signaling Pathway in Spatial and Temporal Control of Cell Size and Growth |
| title_full | The TOR Signaling Pathway in Spatial and Temporal Control of Cell Size and Growth |
| title_fullStr | The TOR Signaling Pathway in Spatial and Temporal Control of Cell Size and Growth |
| title_full_unstemmed | The TOR Signaling Pathway in Spatial and Temporal Control of Cell Size and Growth |
| title_short | The TOR Signaling Pathway in Spatial and Temporal Control of Cell Size and Growth |
| title_sort | tor signaling pathway in spatial and temporal control of cell size and growth |
| topic | cell size cell cycle growth rapamycin signaling nutrients |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2017.00061/full |
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