Parametric Modeling Method for 3D Symbols of Fold Structures
Most fabrication methods for three-dimensional (3D) geological symbols are limited to two types: directly increasing the dimensionality of a 2D geological symbol or performing appropriate modeling for an actual 3D geological situation. The former can express limited vertical information and only app...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/12/618 |
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| author | An-Bo Li Hao Chen Xiao-Feng Du Guo-Kai Sun Xian-Yu Liu |
| author_facet | An-Bo Li Hao Chen Xiao-Feng Du Guo-Kai Sun Xian-Yu Liu |
| author_sort | An-Bo Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most fabrication methods for three-dimensional (3D) geological symbols are limited to two types: directly increasing the dimensionality of a 2D geological symbol or performing appropriate modeling for an actual 3D geological situation. The former can express limited vertical information and only applies to the three-dimensional symbol-making of point mineral symbols, while the latter weakens the difference between 3D symbols and 3D geological models and has several disadvantages, such as high dependence on measured data, redundant 3D symbol information, and low efficiency when displayed in a 3D scene. Generating a 3D geological symbol is represented by the process of constructing a 3D geological model. This study proposes a parametric modeling method for 3D fold symbols according to the complexity and diversity of the fold structures. The method involves: (1) obtaining the location of each cross-section in the symbol model, based on the location parameters; (2) constructing the middle cross-section, based on morphological parameters and the Bezier curve; (3) performing affine transformation according to the morphology of the hinge zone and the middle section to generate the sections at both ends of the fold; (4) generating transition sections of the 3D symbol model, based on morphing interpolation; and (5) connecting the point sets of each transition section and stitching them to obtain a 3D fold-symbol model. Case studies for different typical fold structures show that this method can eliminate excessive dependence on geological survey data in the modeling process and realize efficient, intuitive, and abstract 3D symbol modeling of fold structures based on only a few parameters. This method also applies to the 3D geological symbol modeling of faults, joints, intrusions, and other geological structures and 3D geological modeling of typical geological structures with a relatively simple spatial morphology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:20:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0376677c9f6a4fe29b28d7193eb5959d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2220-9964 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:20:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| spelling | doaj.art-0376677c9f6a4fe29b28d7193eb5959d2023-11-24T15:21:20ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642022-12-01111261810.3390/ijgi11120618Parametric Modeling Method for 3D Symbols of Fold StructuresAn-Bo Li0Hao Chen1Xiao-Feng Du2Guo-Kai Sun3Xian-Yu Liu4Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, ChinaShandong Rail Transit Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, ChinaShandong Rail Transit Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, ChinaMost fabrication methods for three-dimensional (3D) geological symbols are limited to two types: directly increasing the dimensionality of a 2D geological symbol or performing appropriate modeling for an actual 3D geological situation. The former can express limited vertical information and only applies to the three-dimensional symbol-making of point mineral symbols, while the latter weakens the difference between 3D symbols and 3D geological models and has several disadvantages, such as high dependence on measured data, redundant 3D symbol information, and low efficiency when displayed in a 3D scene. Generating a 3D geological symbol is represented by the process of constructing a 3D geological model. This study proposes a parametric modeling method for 3D fold symbols according to the complexity and diversity of the fold structures. The method involves: (1) obtaining the location of each cross-section in the symbol model, based on the location parameters; (2) constructing the middle cross-section, based on morphological parameters and the Bezier curve; (3) performing affine transformation according to the morphology of the hinge zone and the middle section to generate the sections at both ends of the fold; (4) generating transition sections of the 3D symbol model, based on morphing interpolation; and (5) connecting the point sets of each transition section and stitching them to obtain a 3D fold-symbol model. Case studies for different typical fold structures show that this method can eliminate excessive dependence on geological survey data in the modeling process and realize efficient, intuitive, and abstract 3D symbol modeling of fold structures based on only a few parameters. This method also applies to the 3D geological symbol modeling of faults, joints, intrusions, and other geological structures and 3D geological modeling of typical geological structures with a relatively simple spatial morphology.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/12/618fold structure3D geological symbolsparametric modeling3D geological modeling3D GISvisual suggestiveness |
| spellingShingle | An-Bo Li Hao Chen Xiao-Feng Du Guo-Kai Sun Xian-Yu Liu Parametric Modeling Method for 3D Symbols of Fold Structures ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information fold structure 3D geological symbols parametric modeling 3D geological modeling 3D GIS visual suggestiveness |
| title | Parametric Modeling Method for 3D Symbols of Fold Structures |
| title_full | Parametric Modeling Method for 3D Symbols of Fold Structures |
| title_fullStr | Parametric Modeling Method for 3D Symbols of Fold Structures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parametric Modeling Method for 3D Symbols of Fold Structures |
| title_short | Parametric Modeling Method for 3D Symbols of Fold Structures |
| title_sort | parametric modeling method for 3d symbols of fold structures |
| topic | fold structure 3D geological symbols parametric modeling 3D geological modeling 3D GIS visual suggestiveness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/12/618 |
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