EDLaaS:Fully Homomorphic Encryption over Neural Network Graphs for Vision and Private Strawberry Yield Forecasting
We present automatically parameterised Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) for encrypted neural network inference and exemplify our inference over FHE-compatible neural networks with our own open-source framework and reproducible examples. We use the fourth generation Cheon, Kim, Kim, and Song (CKKS)...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8124 |
| _version_ | 1797466501063639040 |
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| author | George Onoufriou Marc Hanheide Georgios Leontidis |
| author_facet | George Onoufriou Marc Hanheide Georgios Leontidis |
| author_sort | George Onoufriou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present automatically parameterised Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) for encrypted neural network inference and exemplify our inference over FHE-compatible neural networks with our own open-source framework and reproducible examples. We use the fourth generation Cheon, Kim, Kim, and Song (CKKS) FHE scheme over fixed points provided by the Microsoft Simple Encrypted Arithmetic Library (MS-SEAL). We significantly enhance the usability and applicability of FHE in deep learning contexts, with a focus on the constituent graphs, traversal, and optimisation. We find that FHE is not a panacea for all privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) problems and that certain limitations still remain, such as model training. However, we also find that in certain contexts FHE is well-suited for computing completely private predictions with neural networks. The ability to privately compute sensitive problems more easily while lowering the barriers to entry can allow otherwise too-sensitive fields to begin advantaging themselves of performant third-party neural networks. Lastly, we show how encrypted deep learning can be applied to a sensitive real-world problem in agri-food, i.e., strawberry yield forecasting, demonstrating competitive performance. We argue that the adoption of encrypted deep learning methods at scale could allow for a greater adoption of deep learning methodologies where privacy concerns exist, hence having a large positive potential impact within the agri-food sector and its journey to net zero. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:40:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-037773df58094234af43da2471582f1e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:40:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-037773df58094234af43da2471582f1e2023-11-24T06:43:07ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-10-012221812410.3390/s22218124EDLaaS:Fully Homomorphic Encryption over Neural Network Graphs for Vision and Private Strawberry Yield ForecastingGeorge Onoufriou0Marc Hanheide1Georgios Leontidis2School of Computer Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UKSchool of Computer Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UKInterdisciplinary Centre for Data and AI & School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UKWe present automatically parameterised Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) for encrypted neural network inference and exemplify our inference over FHE-compatible neural networks with our own open-source framework and reproducible examples. We use the fourth generation Cheon, Kim, Kim, and Song (CKKS) FHE scheme over fixed points provided by the Microsoft Simple Encrypted Arithmetic Library (MS-SEAL). We significantly enhance the usability and applicability of FHE in deep learning contexts, with a focus on the constituent graphs, traversal, and optimisation. We find that FHE is not a panacea for all privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) problems and that certain limitations still remain, such as model training. However, we also find that in certain contexts FHE is well-suited for computing completely private predictions with neural networks. The ability to privately compute sensitive problems more easily while lowering the barriers to entry can allow otherwise too-sensitive fields to begin advantaging themselves of performant third-party neural networks. Lastly, we show how encrypted deep learning can be applied to a sensitive real-world problem in agri-food, i.e., strawberry yield forecasting, demonstrating competitive performance. We argue that the adoption of encrypted deep learning methods at scale could allow for a greater adoption of deep learning methodologies where privacy concerns exist, hence having a large positive potential impact within the agri-food sector and its journey to net zero.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8124fully homomorphic encryptiondeep learningmachine learningprivacy-preserving technologiesagri-fooddata sharing |
| spellingShingle | George Onoufriou Marc Hanheide Georgios Leontidis EDLaaS:Fully Homomorphic Encryption over Neural Network Graphs for Vision and Private Strawberry Yield Forecasting Sensors fully homomorphic encryption deep learning machine learning privacy-preserving technologies agri-food data sharing |
| title | EDLaaS:Fully Homomorphic Encryption over Neural Network Graphs for Vision and Private Strawberry Yield Forecasting |
| title_full | EDLaaS:Fully Homomorphic Encryption over Neural Network Graphs for Vision and Private Strawberry Yield Forecasting |
| title_fullStr | EDLaaS:Fully Homomorphic Encryption over Neural Network Graphs for Vision and Private Strawberry Yield Forecasting |
| title_full_unstemmed | EDLaaS:Fully Homomorphic Encryption over Neural Network Graphs for Vision and Private Strawberry Yield Forecasting |
| title_short | EDLaaS:Fully Homomorphic Encryption over Neural Network Graphs for Vision and Private Strawberry Yield Forecasting |
| title_sort | edlaas fully homomorphic encryption over neural network graphs for vision and private strawberry yield forecasting |
| topic | fully homomorphic encryption deep learning machine learning privacy-preserving technologies agri-food data sharing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8124 |
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