Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Alumina Hybrid-Filled Phenolic Composite with Enhanced Wear Resistance
Hybrid fillers can be produced via various methods, such as physical mixing and chemical modification. However, there is a limited number of studies on the effect of hybridisation on the mechanical performance of hybrid filler-reinforced polymer composites, especially in the context of wear performa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/7/2772 |
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| author | Siti Shuhadah Md Saleh Mohd Firdaus Omar Hazizan Md Akil Muhammad Helmi Abdul Kudus Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Andrei Victor Sandu Petrica Vizureanu Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi Syarifah Nuraqmar Syed Mahamud Ion Sandu Norlin Nosbi |
| author_facet | Siti Shuhadah Md Saleh Mohd Firdaus Omar Hazizan Md Akil Muhammad Helmi Abdul Kudus Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Andrei Victor Sandu Petrica Vizureanu Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi Syarifah Nuraqmar Syed Mahamud Ion Sandu Norlin Nosbi |
| author_sort | Siti Shuhadah Md Saleh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hybrid fillers can be produced via various methods, such as physical mixing and chemical modification. However, there is a limited number of studies on the effect of hybridisation on the mechanical performance of hybrid filler-reinforced polymer composites, especially in the context of wear performance. This study investigated the wear resistance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/alumina hybrid-filled phenolic composite, where two hybrid methods were used to produce the CNTs/alumina hybrid filler. The CNTs/alumina (CVD hybrid) was synthesised using the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method, whereas the CNTs-/alumina (physically hybrid) was prepared using the ball milling method. The CNTs/alumina hybrid filler was then used as a filler in the phenolic composites. The composites were prepared using a hot mounting press and then subjected to a dry sliding wear test using a pin-on-disc (POD) tester. The results show that the composite filled with the CVD hybrid filler (HYB composite) had better wear resistance than the composite filled with physically hybrid filler (PHY composite) and pure phenolic. At 5 wt%, the HYB composite showed a 74.68% reduction in wear, while the PHY composite showed a 56.44% reduction in wear compared to pure phenolic. The HYB composite exhibited the lowest average coefficient of friction (COF) compared to the PHY composite and pure phenolic. The average COF decreased with increasing sliding speeds and applied loads. The phenolic composites’ wear and average COF are in the order HYB composite < PHY composite < pure phenolic under all sliding speeds and applied loads. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:31:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0381646bb4f64e46b56c6b639fe593db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:31:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-0381646bb4f64e46b56c6b639fe593db2023-11-17T17:04:53ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-03-01167277210.3390/ma16072772Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Alumina Hybrid-Filled Phenolic Composite with Enhanced Wear ResistanceSiti Shuhadah Md Saleh0Mohd Firdaus Omar1Hazizan Md Akil2Muhammad Helmi Abdul Kudus3Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah4Andrei Victor Sandu5Petrica Vizureanu6Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim7Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi8Syarifah Nuraqmar Syed Mahamud9Ion Sandu10Norlin Nosbi11Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, MalaysiaSchool of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, MalaysiaFaculty of Material Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 41 D. Mangeron St., 700050 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of Material Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 41 D. Mangeron St., 700050 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, MalaysiaRomanian Inventors Forum, Str. Sf. P. Movila 3, 700089 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Corrosion Research (CCR), Institute of Contaminant Management for Oil and Gas (ICM), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaHybrid fillers can be produced via various methods, such as physical mixing and chemical modification. However, there is a limited number of studies on the effect of hybridisation on the mechanical performance of hybrid filler-reinforced polymer composites, especially in the context of wear performance. This study investigated the wear resistance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/alumina hybrid-filled phenolic composite, where two hybrid methods were used to produce the CNTs/alumina hybrid filler. The CNTs/alumina (CVD hybrid) was synthesised using the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method, whereas the CNTs-/alumina (physically hybrid) was prepared using the ball milling method. The CNTs/alumina hybrid filler was then used as a filler in the phenolic composites. The composites were prepared using a hot mounting press and then subjected to a dry sliding wear test using a pin-on-disc (POD) tester. The results show that the composite filled with the CVD hybrid filler (HYB composite) had better wear resistance than the composite filled with physically hybrid filler (PHY composite) and pure phenolic. At 5 wt%, the HYB composite showed a 74.68% reduction in wear, while the PHY composite showed a 56.44% reduction in wear compared to pure phenolic. The HYB composite exhibited the lowest average coefficient of friction (COF) compared to the PHY composite and pure phenolic. The average COF decreased with increasing sliding speeds and applied loads. The phenolic composites’ wear and average COF are in the order HYB composite < PHY composite < pure phenolic under all sliding speeds and applied loads.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/7/2772hybridpolymer compositecarbon nanotubes (CNTs)wearchemical vapour deposition |
| spellingShingle | Siti Shuhadah Md Saleh Mohd Firdaus Omar Hazizan Md Akil Muhammad Helmi Abdul Kudus Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Andrei Victor Sandu Petrica Vizureanu Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi Syarifah Nuraqmar Syed Mahamud Ion Sandu Norlin Nosbi Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Alumina Hybrid-Filled Phenolic Composite with Enhanced Wear Resistance Materials hybrid polymer composite carbon nanotubes (CNTs) wear chemical vapour deposition |
| title | Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Alumina Hybrid-Filled Phenolic Composite with Enhanced Wear Resistance |
| title_full | Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Alumina Hybrid-Filled Phenolic Composite with Enhanced Wear Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Alumina Hybrid-Filled Phenolic Composite with Enhanced Wear Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Alumina Hybrid-Filled Phenolic Composite with Enhanced Wear Resistance |
| title_short | Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Alumina Hybrid-Filled Phenolic Composite with Enhanced Wear Resistance |
| title_sort | preparation of carbon nanotubes alumina hybrid filled phenolic composite with enhanced wear resistance |
| topic | hybrid polymer composite carbon nanotubes (CNTs) wear chemical vapour deposition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/7/2772 |
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