GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats
(1) Background: Emulsified isoflurane (EISO) is a type of intravenous anesthetic. How emulsified isoflurane works in the brain is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore whether epigenetic mechanisms affect anesthesia and to evaluate the anesthetic effects of emulsified isoflurane in rat...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/11/4078 |
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| author | Xingkai Zhao Guangjun Chang Yan Cheng Zhenlei Zhou |
| author_facet | Xingkai Zhao Guangjun Chang Yan Cheng Zhenlei Zhou |
| author_sort | Xingkai Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: Emulsified isoflurane (EISO) is a type of intravenous anesthetic. How emulsified isoflurane works in the brain is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore whether epigenetic mechanisms affect anesthesia and to evaluate the anesthetic effects of emulsified isoflurane in rats. (2) Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 8/group): The tail vein was injected with normal saline 0.1 mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup> for the control (Con) group, with intralipid for the fat emulsion (FE) group, with EISO at 60 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup> for the high-concentration (HD) group, and 45 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup> for the low-concentration (LD) group. The consciousness state, motor function of limbs, and response to nociceptive stimulus were observed after drug administration. (3) Results: Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess the promoter methylation of ion channel proteins in the cerebral cortex of rats anesthetized by EISO, we demonstrated that the change in the promoters’ methylation of the coding genes for gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor α1 subunit (GABA<sub>Aα1</sub>), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1), and mu opioid receptor 1 (OPRM1) was accompanied by the change in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression by these genes. (4) Conclusion: These data suggest that the epigenetic factors’ modulation might offer a novel approach to explore the anesthetic mechanism of EISO. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-03891e99d39b42b1be49a4027f2495df2023-11-20T03:07:03ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-06-012111407810.3390/ijms21114078GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in RatsXingkai Zhao0Guangjun Chang1Yan Cheng2Zhenlei Zhou3Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China(1) Background: Emulsified isoflurane (EISO) is a type of intravenous anesthetic. How emulsified isoflurane works in the brain is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore whether epigenetic mechanisms affect anesthesia and to evaluate the anesthetic effects of emulsified isoflurane in rats. (2) Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 8/group): The tail vein was injected with normal saline 0.1 mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup> for the control (Con) group, with intralipid for the fat emulsion (FE) group, with EISO at 60 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup> for the high-concentration (HD) group, and 45 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup> for the low-concentration (LD) group. The consciousness state, motor function of limbs, and response to nociceptive stimulus were observed after drug administration. (3) Results: Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess the promoter methylation of ion channel proteins in the cerebral cortex of rats anesthetized by EISO, we demonstrated that the change in the promoters’ methylation of the coding genes for gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor α1 subunit (GABA<sub>Aα1</sub>), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1), and mu opioid receptor 1 (OPRM1) was accompanied by the change in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression by these genes. (4) Conclusion: These data suggest that the epigenetic factors’ modulation might offer a novel approach to explore the anesthetic mechanism of EISO.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/11/4078DNA methylationemulsified isoflurane (EISO)epigeneticgeneral anesthesiaion channel protein |
| spellingShingle | Xingkai Zhao Guangjun Chang Yan Cheng Zhenlei Zhou GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats International Journal of Molecular Sciences DNA methylation emulsified isoflurane (EISO) epigenetic general anesthesia ion channel protein |
| title | GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats |
| title_full | GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats |
| title_fullStr | GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats |
| title_short | GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats |
| title_sort | gaba sub a sub receptor step61 signaling pathway may be involved in emulsified isoflurane anesthesia in rats |
| topic | DNA methylation emulsified isoflurane (EISO) epigenetic general anesthesia ion channel protein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/11/4078 |
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