The effect of 8 plant extracts and combinations on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract Background Lower post-prandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses to foods are associated with reduced diabetes risk and progression. Several plant extracts have been proposed to reduce PPG or PPI by inhibiting enzymes or transporters involved in carbohydrate digestion and uptake. Th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Nutrition & Metabolism |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12986-020-00471-x |
| _version_ | 1818504819681263616 |
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| author | David J. Mela Xiu-Zhen Cao Rajendra Dobriyal Mark I. Fowler Li Lin Manoj Joshi Theo J. P. Mulder Peter G. Murray Harry P. F. Peters Mario A. Vermeer Zhang Zhang |
| author_facet | David J. Mela Xiu-Zhen Cao Rajendra Dobriyal Mark I. Fowler Li Lin Manoj Joshi Theo J. P. Mulder Peter G. Murray Harry P. F. Peters Mario A. Vermeer Zhang Zhang |
| author_sort | David J. Mela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Lower post-prandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses to foods are associated with reduced diabetes risk and progression. Several plant extracts have been proposed to reduce PPG or PPI by inhibiting enzymes or transporters involved in carbohydrate digestion and uptake. This study evaluates a range of such extracts, consumed with a carbohydrate load, for their effects on PPG, PPI and indicators of (gastrointestinal) tolerance. Methods Interventions were extracts of mulberry fruit (MFE, 1.5 g), mulberry leaf (MLE, 1.0 g), white bean (WBE, 3.0 g), apple (AE, 2.0 g), elderberry (EE, 2.0 g), turmeric (TE, 0.18 g), AE + TE, and EE + TE. Each of these 8 individual extracts or combinations were added to a rice porridge containing ~ 50 g available carbohydrate (control). In a within-subject (randomised, balanced incomplete block) design, individual subjects received the control and a subset of 4 of the 8 extracts or combinations. Participants were 72 apparently healthy adults (mean [SD] age 31.2 [5.5] yr, body mass index 22.1 [2.0] kg/m2). The primary outcome was the percentage change in 2-h PPG (positive incremental area under the curve) relative to control. Secondary measures were the 2-h PPI response, 7-h breath hydrogen, measures of gastrointestinal discomfort, and urine glucose. Results In the 65 subjects who completed the control and at least one intervention treatment, additions of AE, MFE and MLE produced statistically significant reductions in PPG vs control (p < 0.05; mean effect − 24.1 to − 38.1%). All extracts and combinations except TE and WBE significantly reduced PPI (p < 0.01; mean effect − 17.3% to − 30.4%). Rises in breath hydrogen > 10 ppm were infrequent, but statistically more frequent than control only for MLE (p = 0.02). Scores for gastrointestinal discomfort were extremely low and not different from control for any treatment, and no glucosuria was observed. Conclusions Additions of AE, MFE and MLE to rice robustly reduced PPG and PPI. EE significantly reduced only PPI, while TE and WBE showed no significant efficacy for PPG or PPI. Breath hydrogen responses to MLE suggest possible carbohydrate malabsorption at the dose used, but there were no explicit indications of intolerance to any of the extracts. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04258501 . Registered 6 February 2020 - Retrospectively registered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:42:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-03983046c31142c88e12991debff4b1b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1743-7075 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:42:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
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| series | Nutrition & Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj.art-03983046c31142c88e12991debff4b1b2022-12-22T01:32:27ZengBMCNutrition & Metabolism1743-70752020-07-0117111210.1186/s12986-020-00471-xThe effect of 8 plant extracts and combinations on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trialDavid J. Mela0Xiu-Zhen Cao1Rajendra Dobriyal2Mark I. Fowler3Li Lin4Manoj Joshi5Theo J. P. Mulder6Peter G. Murray7Harry P. F. Peters8Mario A. Vermeer9Zhang Zhang10Unilever R&DUnilever R&D ShanghaiHindustan Unilever Research CentreUnilever R&DUnilever R&D ShanghaiUnilever R&DUnilever R&DUnilever R&DUnilever R&DUnilever R&DUnilever R&D ShanghaiAbstract Background Lower post-prandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses to foods are associated with reduced diabetes risk and progression. Several plant extracts have been proposed to reduce PPG or PPI by inhibiting enzymes or transporters involved in carbohydrate digestion and uptake. This study evaluates a range of such extracts, consumed with a carbohydrate load, for their effects on PPG, PPI and indicators of (gastrointestinal) tolerance. Methods Interventions were extracts of mulberry fruit (MFE, 1.5 g), mulberry leaf (MLE, 1.0 g), white bean (WBE, 3.0 g), apple (AE, 2.0 g), elderberry (EE, 2.0 g), turmeric (TE, 0.18 g), AE + TE, and EE + TE. Each of these 8 individual extracts or combinations were added to a rice porridge containing ~ 50 g available carbohydrate (control). In a within-subject (randomised, balanced incomplete block) design, individual subjects received the control and a subset of 4 of the 8 extracts or combinations. Participants were 72 apparently healthy adults (mean [SD] age 31.2 [5.5] yr, body mass index 22.1 [2.0] kg/m2). The primary outcome was the percentage change in 2-h PPG (positive incremental area under the curve) relative to control. Secondary measures were the 2-h PPI response, 7-h breath hydrogen, measures of gastrointestinal discomfort, and urine glucose. Results In the 65 subjects who completed the control and at least one intervention treatment, additions of AE, MFE and MLE produced statistically significant reductions in PPG vs control (p < 0.05; mean effect − 24.1 to − 38.1%). All extracts and combinations except TE and WBE significantly reduced PPI (p < 0.01; mean effect − 17.3% to − 30.4%). Rises in breath hydrogen > 10 ppm were infrequent, but statistically more frequent than control only for MLE (p = 0.02). Scores for gastrointestinal discomfort were extremely low and not different from control for any treatment, and no glucosuria was observed. Conclusions Additions of AE, MFE and MLE to rice robustly reduced PPG and PPI. EE significantly reduced only PPI, while TE and WBE showed no significant efficacy for PPG or PPI. Breath hydrogen responses to MLE suggest possible carbohydrate malabsorption at the dose used, but there were no explicit indications of intolerance to any of the extracts. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04258501 . Registered 6 February 2020 - Retrospectively registered.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12986-020-00471-xGlycemic responseDietary interventionBreath hydrogenEnzyme inhibitorsGlucose transporters |
| spellingShingle | David J. Mela Xiu-Zhen Cao Rajendra Dobriyal Mark I. Fowler Li Lin Manoj Joshi Theo J. P. Mulder Peter G. Murray Harry P. F. Peters Mario A. Vermeer Zhang Zhang The effect of 8 plant extracts and combinations on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial Nutrition & Metabolism Glycemic response Dietary intervention Breath hydrogen Enzyme inhibitors Glucose transporters |
| title | The effect of 8 plant extracts and combinations on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | The effect of 8 plant extracts and combinations on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | The effect of 8 plant extracts and combinations on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of 8 plant extracts and combinations on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | The effect of 8 plant extracts and combinations on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | effect of 8 plant extracts and combinations on post prandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | Glycemic response Dietary intervention Breath hydrogen Enzyme inhibitors Glucose transporters |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12986-020-00471-x |
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