| Summary: | Mental workload assessment is crucial in many real life applications which require constant attention and where imbalance of mental workload resources may cause safety hazards. As such, mental workload and its relationship with heart rate variability (HRV) have been well studied in the literature. However, the majority of the developed models have assumed individuals are not ambulant, thus bypassing the issue of movement-related electrocardiography (ECG) artifacts and changing heart beat dynamics due to physical activity. In this work, multi-scale features for mental workload assessment of ambulatory users is explored. ECG data was sampled from users while they performed different types and levels of physical activity while performing the multi-attribute test battery (MATB-II) task at varying difficulty levels. Proposed features are shown to outperform benchmark ones and further exhibit complementarity when used in combination. Indeed, results show gains over the benchmark HRV measures of <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mn>24.41</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> in accuracy and of <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mn>27.97</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> in F1 score can be achieved even at high activity levels.
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