Modified Graphite with Tin Oxide as a Promising Electrode for Reduction of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater by Sonoelectrochemical Oxidation
Most of the researches on tin oxide coatings as electrode materials were done on titanium, in this study, the aim was to create pure SnO2 films on graphite substrate, which is more prevalent than titanium. There is a lack in investigation the effect of SnCl2 and HNO3 concentrations on the prepared...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Polish Society of Ecological Engineering (PTIE)
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ecoeet.com/Modified-Graphite-with-Tin-Oxide-as-a-Promising-Electrode-for-Reduction-of-Organic,175437,0,2.html |
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| author | Hind Jabbar Nsaif Najwa Saber Majeed |
| author_facet | Hind Jabbar Nsaif Najwa Saber Majeed |
| author_sort | Hind Jabbar Nsaif |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most of the researches on tin oxide coatings as electrode materials were done on titanium, in this study, the aim was to create pure SnO2 films on graphite substrate, which is more prevalent than titanium. There is a lack in investigation the effect of SnCl2 and HNO3 concentrations on the prepared SnO2 electrode; therefore, the aim of this work is to study these effects precisely. Also, no previous study investigated the removal of phenol sonoelectrochemically by SnO2 electrode, which would be accomplished in the present work. The tin dioxide electrode was produced by cathodic electrodeposition using an SnCl2.2H2O solution in the presence of HNO3 and NaNO3 on a graphite plate substrate. The impact of various operating parameters (current density (CD), HNO3 concentration, and SnCl2.2H2O concentration) on the morphology and structure of the SnO2 deposit layer was thoroughly investigated. The physical structures of the SnO2 film were determined by X ray diffraction (XRD), surface morphology was characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical composition was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In a batch reactor, the sonoelectrochemical oxidation of phenol was tested to determine the performance of the best SnO2 electrodes for phenol degradation and any organic byproducts. It was discovered that 10 mA/cm2, 50 mM of SnCL2.2H2O, and 250 mM of HNO3 were the optimum conditions to prepare SnO2 electrodes, which produced the smallest crystal size, with no appeared cracks, and gave the best phenol removal. The best prepared electrode was tested in the sonoelectrochemical oxidation of phenol with two different electrolytes and different CD, and the results showed that the phenol removal was 76.87% and 64.68% when using NaCl and Na2SO4, respectively, and was 63.39, 76.87, and 100% for CD at 10, 25, and 40 mA/cm2, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:34:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-03a769ca7d144ef6b179c87a5ba8af10 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2719-7050 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:34:42Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Polish Society of Ecological Engineering (PTIE) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-03a769ca7d144ef6b179c87a5ba8af102023-12-14T07:33:03ZengPolish Society of Ecological Engineering (PTIE)Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology2719-70502024-01-0125130732010.12912/27197050/175437175437Modified Graphite with Tin Oxide as a Promising Electrode for Reduction of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater by Sonoelectrochemical OxidationHind Jabbar Nsaif0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7281-4103Najwa Saber Majeed1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6380-7512Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad,10071, IraqDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad,10071, IraqMost of the researches on tin oxide coatings as electrode materials were done on titanium, in this study, the aim was to create pure SnO2 films on graphite substrate, which is more prevalent than titanium. There is a lack in investigation the effect of SnCl2 and HNO3 concentrations on the prepared SnO2 electrode; therefore, the aim of this work is to study these effects precisely. Also, no previous study investigated the removal of phenol sonoelectrochemically by SnO2 electrode, which would be accomplished in the present work. The tin dioxide electrode was produced by cathodic electrodeposition using an SnCl2.2H2O solution in the presence of HNO3 and NaNO3 on a graphite plate substrate. The impact of various operating parameters (current density (CD), HNO3 concentration, and SnCl2.2H2O concentration) on the morphology and structure of the SnO2 deposit layer was thoroughly investigated. The physical structures of the SnO2 film were determined by X ray diffraction (XRD), surface morphology was characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical composition was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In a batch reactor, the sonoelectrochemical oxidation of phenol was tested to determine the performance of the best SnO2 electrodes for phenol degradation and any organic byproducts. It was discovered that 10 mA/cm2, 50 mM of SnCL2.2H2O, and 250 mM of HNO3 were the optimum conditions to prepare SnO2 electrodes, which produced the smallest crystal size, with no appeared cracks, and gave the best phenol removal. The best prepared electrode was tested in the sonoelectrochemical oxidation of phenol with two different electrolytes and different CD, and the results showed that the phenol removal was 76.87% and 64.68% when using NaCl and Na2SO4, respectively, and was 63.39, 76.87, and 100% for CD at 10, 25, and 40 mA/cm2, respectively.http://www.ecoeet.com/Modified-Graphite-with-Tin-Oxide-as-a-Promising-Electrode-for-Reduction-of-Organic,175437,0,2.htmlphenol removalelectrodepositiontin dioxidesonoelectrochemical |
| spellingShingle | Hind Jabbar Nsaif Najwa Saber Majeed Modified Graphite with Tin Oxide as a Promising Electrode for Reduction of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater by Sonoelectrochemical Oxidation Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology phenol removal electrodeposition tin dioxide sonoelectrochemical |
| title | Modified Graphite with Tin Oxide as a Promising Electrode for Reduction of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater by Sonoelectrochemical Oxidation |
| title_full | Modified Graphite with Tin Oxide as a Promising Electrode for Reduction of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater by Sonoelectrochemical Oxidation |
| title_fullStr | Modified Graphite with Tin Oxide as a Promising Electrode for Reduction of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater by Sonoelectrochemical Oxidation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modified Graphite with Tin Oxide as a Promising Electrode for Reduction of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater by Sonoelectrochemical Oxidation |
| title_short | Modified Graphite with Tin Oxide as a Promising Electrode for Reduction of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater by Sonoelectrochemical Oxidation |
| title_sort | modified graphite with tin oxide as a promising electrode for reduction of organic pollutants from wastewater by sonoelectrochemical oxidation |
| topic | phenol removal electrodeposition tin dioxide sonoelectrochemical |
| url | http://www.ecoeet.com/Modified-Graphite-with-Tin-Oxide-as-a-Promising-Electrode-for-Reduction-of-Organic,175437,0,2.html |
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