Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Probiotic Ingestion on Motor Coordination and Brain Activity in Adolescent Mice
High-intensity exercise can lead to chronic fatigue, which reduces athletic performance. On the contrary, probiotic supplements have many health benefits, including improvement of gastrointestinal health and immunoregulation. However, the effects of probiotics combined with exercise interventions on...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Healthcare |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/1/7 |
| _version_ | 1797543739936210944 |
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| author | Junechul Kim Bo-Eun Yoon Yong Kyun Jeon |
| author_facet | Junechul Kim Bo-Eun Yoon Yong Kyun Jeon |
| author_sort | Junechul Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-intensity exercise can lead to chronic fatigue, which reduces athletic performance. On the contrary, probiotic supplements have many health benefits, including improvement of gastrointestinal health and immunoregulation. However, the effects of probiotics combined with exercise interventions on motor functions and brain activity have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effects of probiotic supplements and aerobic exercise on motor function, immune response, and exercise intensity and probiotic ingestion. After four weeks of intervention, the motor functions were assessed by rotarod test, then the levels of cytokines, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate were detected. The improvement caused by the intake of probiotics in the moderate-intensity exercise group and the non-exercise group in the accelerating mode rotarod was significant (<i>p</i> = 0.038, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). In constant-speed mode, the moderate-intensity exercise group with probiotic ingestion recorded longer runs than the corresponding non-exercise group (<i>p</i> = 0.023), and the improvement owing to probiotics was significant in all groups—non-exercise, moderate, and high-intensity (<i>p</i> = 0.036, <i>p</i> = 0.036, <i>p</i> = 0.012, respectively). The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were lower, whereas GABA was higher in the probiotics-ingested group. Taken together, exercise and probiotics in adolescence could positively affect brain and motor function. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:49:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-03aade0be86a469fb29a8ca19ddc6076 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:49:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-03aade0be86a469fb29a8ca19ddc60762023-11-21T02:14:11ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322020-12-0191710.3390/healthcare9010007Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Probiotic Ingestion on Motor Coordination and Brain Activity in Adolescent MiceJunechul Kim0Bo-Eun Yoon1Yong Kyun Jeon2Graduate School of Physical Education, Dankook University, Yong-in 16860, KoreaDepartment of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, KoreaGraduate School of Physical Education, Dankook University, Yong-in 16860, KoreaHigh-intensity exercise can lead to chronic fatigue, which reduces athletic performance. On the contrary, probiotic supplements have many health benefits, including improvement of gastrointestinal health and immunoregulation. However, the effects of probiotics combined with exercise interventions on motor functions and brain activity have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effects of probiotic supplements and aerobic exercise on motor function, immune response, and exercise intensity and probiotic ingestion. After four weeks of intervention, the motor functions were assessed by rotarod test, then the levels of cytokines, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate were detected. The improvement caused by the intake of probiotics in the moderate-intensity exercise group and the non-exercise group in the accelerating mode rotarod was significant (<i>p</i> = 0.038, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). In constant-speed mode, the moderate-intensity exercise group with probiotic ingestion recorded longer runs than the corresponding non-exercise group (<i>p</i> = 0.023), and the improvement owing to probiotics was significant in all groups—non-exercise, moderate, and high-intensity (<i>p</i> = 0.036, <i>p</i> = 0.036, <i>p</i> = 0.012, respectively). The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were lower, whereas GABA was higher in the probiotics-ingested group. Taken together, exercise and probiotics in adolescence could positively affect brain and motor function.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/1/7treadmill exerciseprobioticsmotor functioncytokinesGABAglutamate |
| spellingShingle | Junechul Kim Bo-Eun Yoon Yong Kyun Jeon Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Probiotic Ingestion on Motor Coordination and Brain Activity in Adolescent Mice Healthcare treadmill exercise probiotics motor function cytokines GABA glutamate |
| title | Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Probiotic Ingestion on Motor Coordination and Brain Activity in Adolescent Mice |
| title_full | Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Probiotic Ingestion on Motor Coordination and Brain Activity in Adolescent Mice |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Probiotic Ingestion on Motor Coordination and Brain Activity in Adolescent Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Probiotic Ingestion on Motor Coordination and Brain Activity in Adolescent Mice |
| title_short | Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Probiotic Ingestion on Motor Coordination and Brain Activity in Adolescent Mice |
| title_sort | effect of treadmill exercise and probiotic ingestion on motor coordination and brain activity in adolescent mice |
| topic | treadmill exercise probiotics motor function cytokines GABA glutamate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/1/7 |
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