Optimization of the Methods to Develop Stable Polymer Gels for Water Management in Medium- and Ultra-High-Salinity Reservoirs
Polymer gels suffer from a serious syneresis issue when exposed to high-temperature and high-salinity (HTHS) conditions, which limits their use as water-treatment agents in this type of reservoir. In this paper, the effects of the polymer type/concentration, deoxidizers, and stabilizers on the long-...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/7/540 |
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| author | Shuiqing Hu Mingchen Ding Yafei Hu Yefei Wang Jiangyang Dong |
| author_facet | Shuiqing Hu Mingchen Ding Yafei Hu Yefei Wang Jiangyang Dong |
| author_sort | Shuiqing Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polymer gels suffer from a serious syneresis issue when exposed to high-temperature and high-salinity (HTHS) conditions, which limits their use as water-treatment agents in this type of reservoir. In this paper, the effects of the polymer type/concentration, deoxidizers, and stabilizers on the long-term stability of polymer gels were systematically studied; thus, the methods to develop stable polymer gels for two typical levels of salinity were optimized. The results show the following: (1) For a medium-salinity condition (TDS: 33,645.0 mg/L) at 125 °C, conventional HPAM gels completely dehydrate within only 1 day, and the addition of a deoxidizer hardly improved their stability. Some special polymers, e.g., AP-P5, MKY, and CPAM, are able to form stable gels if a high concentration of 0.8% is used; the syneresis rate of these gels is about 10% after 30 days. However, the addition of the complexant sodium oxalate significantly improves the stability of gels formed by all five of these different polymers, which behave with a 0% syneresis rate after 30 days pass. Complexants are the most economical and feasible agents to develop stable gels in medium-salinity water. (2) Gels enhanced using the methods above all become unstable in a more challenging ultra-high-saline condition (TDS: 225,068.0 mg/L). In this case, special calcium- and magnesium-resistant polymers are required to prepare stable gels, which show 0% syneresis rates after 30 days, have relatively low strengths, but do produce a good plugging effect in high-permeability cores. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:02:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-03b2d15b376f4496a9fd6f4849f7d538 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:02:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-03b2d15b376f4496a9fd6f4849f7d5382023-11-18T19:27:37ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612023-07-019754010.3390/gels9070540Optimization of the Methods to Develop Stable Polymer Gels for Water Management in Medium- and Ultra-High-Salinity ReservoirsShuiqing Hu0Mingchen Ding1Yafei Hu2Yefei Wang3Jiangyang Dong4PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, ChinaPetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, ChinaSchool of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, ChinaPolymer gels suffer from a serious syneresis issue when exposed to high-temperature and high-salinity (HTHS) conditions, which limits their use as water-treatment agents in this type of reservoir. In this paper, the effects of the polymer type/concentration, deoxidizers, and stabilizers on the long-term stability of polymer gels were systematically studied; thus, the methods to develop stable polymer gels for two typical levels of salinity were optimized. The results show the following: (1) For a medium-salinity condition (TDS: 33,645.0 mg/L) at 125 °C, conventional HPAM gels completely dehydrate within only 1 day, and the addition of a deoxidizer hardly improved their stability. Some special polymers, e.g., AP-P5, MKY, and CPAM, are able to form stable gels if a high concentration of 0.8% is used; the syneresis rate of these gels is about 10% after 30 days. However, the addition of the complexant sodium oxalate significantly improves the stability of gels formed by all five of these different polymers, which behave with a 0% syneresis rate after 30 days pass. Complexants are the most economical and feasible agents to develop stable gels in medium-salinity water. (2) Gels enhanced using the methods above all become unstable in a more challenging ultra-high-saline condition (TDS: 225,068.0 mg/L). In this case, special calcium- and magnesium-resistant polymers are required to prepare stable gels, which show 0% syneresis rates after 30 days, have relatively low strengths, but do produce a good plugging effect in high-permeability cores.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/7/540high temperaturehigh salinitypolymer gelstability enhancementpolymer typedeoxidizer |
| spellingShingle | Shuiqing Hu Mingchen Ding Yafei Hu Yefei Wang Jiangyang Dong Optimization of the Methods to Develop Stable Polymer Gels for Water Management in Medium- and Ultra-High-Salinity Reservoirs Gels high temperature high salinity polymer gel stability enhancement polymer type deoxidizer |
| title | Optimization of the Methods to Develop Stable Polymer Gels for Water Management in Medium- and Ultra-High-Salinity Reservoirs |
| title_full | Optimization of the Methods to Develop Stable Polymer Gels for Water Management in Medium- and Ultra-High-Salinity Reservoirs |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of the Methods to Develop Stable Polymer Gels for Water Management in Medium- and Ultra-High-Salinity Reservoirs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of the Methods to Develop Stable Polymer Gels for Water Management in Medium- and Ultra-High-Salinity Reservoirs |
| title_short | Optimization of the Methods to Develop Stable Polymer Gels for Water Management in Medium- and Ultra-High-Salinity Reservoirs |
| title_sort | optimization of the methods to develop stable polymer gels for water management in medium and ultra high salinity reservoirs |
| topic | high temperature high salinity polymer gel stability enhancement polymer type deoxidizer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/7/540 |
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