Risk Factors Associated with Opportunistic Infections among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Receiving an Antiretroviral Therapy in Gabon, Central Africa
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still one of the main causes of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) have significantly improved the health conditions of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Consequently, a significant drop in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/85 |
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| author | Augustin Mouinga-Ondeme Neil Michel Longo-Pendy Ivan Cyr Moussadji Kinga Barthélémy Ngoubangoye Pamela Moussavou-Boundzanga Larson Boundenga Abdoulaye Diane Jeanne Sica Ivan Sosthene Mfouo-Tynga Edgard Brice Ngoungou |
| author_facet | Augustin Mouinga-Ondeme Neil Michel Longo-Pendy Ivan Cyr Moussadji Kinga Barthélémy Ngoubangoye Pamela Moussavou-Boundzanga Larson Boundenga Abdoulaye Diane Jeanne Sica Ivan Sosthene Mfouo-Tynga Edgard Brice Ngoungou |
| author_sort | Augustin Mouinga-Ondeme |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still one of the main causes of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) have significantly improved the health conditions of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Consequently, a significant drop in morbidity and mortality, along with a reduced incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs), has been observed. However, certain atypical and biological profiles emerge in ART patients post-examination. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors that contributed to the onset of OIs in HIV patients undergoing ART in Gabon. Epidemiological and biological data were obtained from medical records (2017 to 2019) found at the outpatient treatment centre (CTA) of Franceville in Gabon. Samples for blood count, CD4, and viral load analysis at CIRMF were collected from PLWHA suffering from other pathogen-induced conditions. A survey was carried out and data were analysed using Rstudio 4.0.2 and Excel 2007 software. Biological and socio-demographic characteristics were examined concerning OIs through both a univariate analysis via Fisher’s exact tests or chi<sup>2</sup> (χ<sup>2</sup>), and a multivariate analysis via logistic regression. Out of the 300 participants initially selected, 223 were included in the study, including 154 (69.05%) women and 69 (30.95%) men. The mean age was 40 (38.6; 41.85), with individuals ranging from 2 to 77 years old. The study cohort was classified into five age groups (2 to 12, 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, and 50 to 77 years old), among which the groups aged 30 to 39 and 40 to 49 emerged as the largest, comprising 68 (30.5%) and 75 (33.6%) participants, respectively. It was noted that 57.9% of PLWHA had developed OIs and three subgroups were distinguished, with parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections present in 18%, 39.7%, and 55.4% of cases, respectively. There was a correlation between being male and having a low CD4 T-cell count and the onset of OIs. The study revealed a high overall prevalence of OIs, and extending the study to other regions of Gabon would yield a better understanding of the risk factors associated with the onset of these infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:32:04Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:32:04Z |
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| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-03c198d7498d44fe962abe7f8c6942fb2024-01-26T18:48:06ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-01-011618510.3390/v16010085Risk Factors Associated with Opportunistic Infections among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Receiving an Antiretroviral Therapy in Gabon, Central AfricaAugustin Mouinga-Ondeme0Neil Michel Longo-Pendy1Ivan Cyr Moussadji Kinga2Barthélémy Ngoubangoye3Pamela Moussavou-Boundzanga4Larson Boundenga5Abdoulaye Diane6Jeanne Sica7Ivan Sosthene Mfouo-Tynga8Edgard Brice Ngoungou9Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonUnité de Recherches en Ecologie de la Santé, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonCentre de Primatologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonCentre de Primatologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonUnité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonUnité de Recherches en Ecologie de la Santé, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonUnité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonCentre de Traitement Ambulatoire, Franceville BP 277, GabonUnité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonDépartement d’Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Informatique Médicale (DEBIM)/Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie des Maladies Chroniques et Santé Environnement (UREMCSE), Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville-Owendo BP 18231, GabonThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still one of the main causes of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) have significantly improved the health conditions of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Consequently, a significant drop in morbidity and mortality, along with a reduced incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs), has been observed. However, certain atypical and biological profiles emerge in ART patients post-examination. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors that contributed to the onset of OIs in HIV patients undergoing ART in Gabon. Epidemiological and biological data were obtained from medical records (2017 to 2019) found at the outpatient treatment centre (CTA) of Franceville in Gabon. Samples for blood count, CD4, and viral load analysis at CIRMF were collected from PLWHA suffering from other pathogen-induced conditions. A survey was carried out and data were analysed using Rstudio 4.0.2 and Excel 2007 software. Biological and socio-demographic characteristics were examined concerning OIs through both a univariate analysis via Fisher’s exact tests or chi<sup>2</sup> (χ<sup>2</sup>), and a multivariate analysis via logistic regression. Out of the 300 participants initially selected, 223 were included in the study, including 154 (69.05%) women and 69 (30.95%) men. The mean age was 40 (38.6; 41.85), with individuals ranging from 2 to 77 years old. The study cohort was classified into five age groups (2 to 12, 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, and 50 to 77 years old), among which the groups aged 30 to 39 and 40 to 49 emerged as the largest, comprising 68 (30.5%) and 75 (33.6%) participants, respectively. It was noted that 57.9% of PLWHA had developed OIs and three subgroups were distinguished, with parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections present in 18%, 39.7%, and 55.4% of cases, respectively. There was a correlation between being male and having a low CD4 T-cell count and the onset of OIs. The study revealed a high overall prevalence of OIs, and extending the study to other regions of Gabon would yield a better understanding of the risk factors associated with the onset of these infections.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/85HIV-1PLWHAopportunistic infectionsGabon |
| spellingShingle | Augustin Mouinga-Ondeme Neil Michel Longo-Pendy Ivan Cyr Moussadji Kinga Barthélémy Ngoubangoye Pamela Moussavou-Boundzanga Larson Boundenga Abdoulaye Diane Jeanne Sica Ivan Sosthene Mfouo-Tynga Edgard Brice Ngoungou Risk Factors Associated with Opportunistic Infections among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Receiving an Antiretroviral Therapy in Gabon, Central Africa Viruses HIV-1 PLWHA opportunistic infections Gabon |
| title | Risk Factors Associated with Opportunistic Infections among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Receiving an Antiretroviral Therapy in Gabon, Central Africa |
| title_full | Risk Factors Associated with Opportunistic Infections among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Receiving an Antiretroviral Therapy in Gabon, Central Africa |
| title_fullStr | Risk Factors Associated with Opportunistic Infections among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Receiving an Antiretroviral Therapy in Gabon, Central Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Factors Associated with Opportunistic Infections among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Receiving an Antiretroviral Therapy in Gabon, Central Africa |
| title_short | Risk Factors Associated with Opportunistic Infections among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Receiving an Antiretroviral Therapy in Gabon, Central Africa |
| title_sort | risk factors associated with opportunistic infections among people living with hiv aids and receiving an antiretroviral therapy in gabon central africa |
| topic | HIV-1 PLWHA opportunistic infections Gabon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/85 |
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