Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns associated with fire blight resistance in apple
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Desirable apple varieties are clonally propagated by grafting vegetative scions onto rootstocks. Rootstocks influence many phenotypic traits of the scion, including resistance to pathogens such as <it>Erwinia amylovora</it&g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2012-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Genomics |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/9 |
| _version_ | 1818144363164729344 |
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| author | Jensen Philip J Halbrendt Noemi Fazio Gennaro Makalowska Izabela Altman Naomi Praul Craig Maximova Siela N Ngugi Henry K Crassweller Robert M Travis James W McNellis Timothy W |
| author_facet | Jensen Philip J Halbrendt Noemi Fazio Gennaro Makalowska Izabela Altman Naomi Praul Craig Maximova Siela N Ngugi Henry K Crassweller Robert M Travis James W McNellis Timothy W |
| author_sort | Jensen Philip J |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Desirable apple varieties are clonally propagated by grafting vegetative scions onto rootstocks. Rootstocks influence many phenotypic traits of the scion, including resistance to pathogens such as <it>Erwinia amylovora</it>, which causes fire blight, the most serious bacterial disease of apple. The purpose of the present study was to quantify rootstock-mediated differences in scion fire blight susceptibility and to identify transcripts in the scion whose expression levels correlated with this response.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Rootstock influence on scion fire blight resistance was quantified by inoculating three-year old, orchard-grown apple trees, consisting of 'Gala' scions grafted to a range of rootstocks, with <it>E. amylovora</it>. Disease severity was measured by the extent of shoot necrosis over time. 'Gala' scions grafted to G.30 or MM.111 rootstocks showed the lowest rates of necrosis, while 'Gala' on M.27 and B.9 showed the highest rates of necrosis. 'Gala' scions on M.7, S.4 or M.9F56 had intermediate necrosis rates. Using an apple DNA microarray representing 55,230 unique transcripts, gene expression patterns were compared in healthy, un-inoculated, greenhouse-grown 'Gala' scions on the same series of rootstocks. We identified 690 transcripts whose steady-state expression levels correlated with the degree of fire blight susceptibility of the scion/rootstock combinations. Transcripts known to be differentially expressed during <it>E. amylovora </it>infection were disproportionately represented among these transcripts. A second-generation apple microarray representing 26,000 transcripts was developed and was used to test these correlations in an orchard-grown population of trees segregating for fire blight resistance. Of the 690 transcripts originally identified using the first-generation array, 39 had expression levels that correlated with fire blight resistance in the breeding population.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Rootstocks had significant effects on the fire blight susceptibility of 'Gala' scions, and rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns could be correlated with differences in susceptibility. The results suggest a relationship between rootstock-regulated fire blight susceptibility and sorbitol dehydrogenase, phenylpropanoid metabolism, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and endocytosis, among others. This study illustrates the utility of our rootstock-regulated gene expression data sets for candidate trait-associated gene data mining.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T11:46:22Z |
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| id | doaj.art-03c9ab6ee6d840f8a460cdc19adc2b3c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2164 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T11:46:22Z |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
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| series | BMC Genomics |
| spelling | doaj.art-03c9ab6ee6d840f8a460cdc19adc2b3c2022-12-22T01:08:27ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642012-01-01131910.1186/1471-2164-13-9Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns associated with fire blight resistance in appleJensen Philip JHalbrendt NoemiFazio GennaroMakalowska IzabelaAltman NaomiPraul CraigMaximova Siela NNgugi Henry KCrassweller Robert MTravis James WMcNellis Timothy W<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Desirable apple varieties are clonally propagated by grafting vegetative scions onto rootstocks. Rootstocks influence many phenotypic traits of the scion, including resistance to pathogens such as <it>Erwinia amylovora</it>, which causes fire blight, the most serious bacterial disease of apple. The purpose of the present study was to quantify rootstock-mediated differences in scion fire blight susceptibility and to identify transcripts in the scion whose expression levels correlated with this response.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Rootstock influence on scion fire blight resistance was quantified by inoculating three-year old, orchard-grown apple trees, consisting of 'Gala' scions grafted to a range of rootstocks, with <it>E. amylovora</it>. Disease severity was measured by the extent of shoot necrosis over time. 'Gala' scions grafted to G.30 or MM.111 rootstocks showed the lowest rates of necrosis, while 'Gala' on M.27 and B.9 showed the highest rates of necrosis. 'Gala' scions on M.7, S.4 or M.9F56 had intermediate necrosis rates. Using an apple DNA microarray representing 55,230 unique transcripts, gene expression patterns were compared in healthy, un-inoculated, greenhouse-grown 'Gala' scions on the same series of rootstocks. We identified 690 transcripts whose steady-state expression levels correlated with the degree of fire blight susceptibility of the scion/rootstock combinations. Transcripts known to be differentially expressed during <it>E. amylovora </it>infection were disproportionately represented among these transcripts. A second-generation apple microarray representing 26,000 transcripts was developed and was used to test these correlations in an orchard-grown population of trees segregating for fire blight resistance. Of the 690 transcripts originally identified using the first-generation array, 39 had expression levels that correlated with fire blight resistance in the breeding population.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Rootstocks had significant effects on the fire blight susceptibility of 'Gala' scions, and rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns could be correlated with differences in susceptibility. The results suggest a relationship between rootstock-regulated fire blight susceptibility and sorbitol dehydrogenase, phenylpropanoid metabolism, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and endocytosis, among others. This study illustrates the utility of our rootstock-regulated gene expression data sets for candidate trait-associated gene data mining.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/9 |
| spellingShingle | Jensen Philip J Halbrendt Noemi Fazio Gennaro Makalowska Izabela Altman Naomi Praul Craig Maximova Siela N Ngugi Henry K Crassweller Robert M Travis James W McNellis Timothy W Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns associated with fire blight resistance in apple BMC Genomics |
| title | Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns associated with fire blight resistance in apple |
| title_full | Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns associated with fire blight resistance in apple |
| title_fullStr | Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns associated with fire blight resistance in apple |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns associated with fire blight resistance in apple |
| title_short | Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns associated with fire blight resistance in apple |
| title_sort | rootstock regulated gene expression patterns associated with fire blight resistance in apple |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/9 |
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