Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Background Oral cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at advanced clinical stages due to its asymptomatic nature and absence of pathognomonic signs in its early development phase. Delayed diagnosis is one of the major causes of OC treatment failure and poor prognosis. Development of alternative...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Cancer |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-07932-3 |
| _version_ | 1818336810474930176 |
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| author | Mayara Martina Abatti Chiamulera Caroline Biazzolo Zancan Aline Pertile Remor Marcos Freitas Cordeiro Frederico Omar Gleber-Netto Antuani Rafael Baptistella |
| author_facet | Mayara Martina Abatti Chiamulera Caroline Biazzolo Zancan Aline Pertile Remor Marcos Freitas Cordeiro Frederico Omar Gleber-Netto Antuani Rafael Baptistella |
| author_sort | Mayara Martina Abatti Chiamulera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Oral cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at advanced clinical stages due to its asymptomatic nature and absence of pathognomonic signs in its early development phase. Delayed diagnosis is one of the major causes of OC treatment failure and poor prognosis. Development of alternative diagnostic approaches are imperative for improving early detection and therapeutic success rates. Salivary cytokines (SC) have been studied as potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and may represent a potential tool for improvement of its early detection. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis we identified SC studied as OC biomarkers by systematically reviewing the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases using the terms: “oral cancer”, “cytokine”, and “saliva”, and also combined with “interleukin” or “interferon”. Only case-control studies that measured SC by ELISA from treatment naïve patients were included in the qualitative review. For the meta-analysis were included all comparable studies that provided enough data (sample size, mean and standard deviation or standard error of the mean) for SC levels in OC patients, non-cancer controls and patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), including leukoplakia. Comparisons with patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and gingivitis were included in the qualitative analysis. Results A total of 28 articles (from 2004 to 2018) were included in the systematic review, describing 10 different SC, being IL-8 and IL-6 the most studied ones. SC levels were consistently higher among OC patients when compared to healthy controls and to patients with OPMD, OLP and gingivitis. Meta-analysis including 23 eligible studies showed that IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 salivary levels were significantly higher in OC patients compared to controls; and that IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β salivary levels were also higher in OC patients compared to individuals with OPMD. When compared to healthy controls, OPMD patients showed significantly higher IL-6 and TNF-α salivary levels. Conclusions Our analyses showed that the salivary levels of some cytokines are consistently different among OC, OPMD and healthy patients, indicating that these SC may represent potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and OPMD. Despite of that, SC levels were highly variable among studies, suggesting that further technical improvement and standardization for SC measurement by ELISA is needed in order to successfully translate these biomarkers to the clinical practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:45:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-03d901cb964b46758d177e5bd4c15bf4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2407 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:45:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Cancer |
| spelling | doaj.art-03d901cb964b46758d177e5bd4c15bf42022-12-21T23:41:29ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072021-02-0121111610.1186/s12885-021-07932-3Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysisMayara Martina Abatti Chiamulera0Caroline Biazzolo Zancan1Aline Pertile Remor2Marcos Freitas Cordeiro3Frederico Omar Gleber-Netto4Antuani Rafael Baptistella5Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC)Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC)Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC)Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC)Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC)Abstract Background Oral cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at advanced clinical stages due to its asymptomatic nature and absence of pathognomonic signs in its early development phase. Delayed diagnosis is one of the major causes of OC treatment failure and poor prognosis. Development of alternative diagnostic approaches are imperative for improving early detection and therapeutic success rates. Salivary cytokines (SC) have been studied as potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and may represent a potential tool for improvement of its early detection. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis we identified SC studied as OC biomarkers by systematically reviewing the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases using the terms: “oral cancer”, “cytokine”, and “saliva”, and also combined with “interleukin” or “interferon”. Only case-control studies that measured SC by ELISA from treatment naïve patients were included in the qualitative review. For the meta-analysis were included all comparable studies that provided enough data (sample size, mean and standard deviation or standard error of the mean) for SC levels in OC patients, non-cancer controls and patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), including leukoplakia. Comparisons with patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and gingivitis were included in the qualitative analysis. Results A total of 28 articles (from 2004 to 2018) were included in the systematic review, describing 10 different SC, being IL-8 and IL-6 the most studied ones. SC levels were consistently higher among OC patients when compared to healthy controls and to patients with OPMD, OLP and gingivitis. Meta-analysis including 23 eligible studies showed that IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 salivary levels were significantly higher in OC patients compared to controls; and that IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β salivary levels were also higher in OC patients compared to individuals with OPMD. When compared to healthy controls, OPMD patients showed significantly higher IL-6 and TNF-α salivary levels. Conclusions Our analyses showed that the salivary levels of some cytokines are consistently different among OC, OPMD and healthy patients, indicating that these SC may represent potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and OPMD. Despite of that, SC levels were highly variable among studies, suggesting that further technical improvement and standardization for SC measurement by ELISA is needed in order to successfully translate these biomarkers to the clinical practice.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-07932-3Oral cancerHead and neck cancerSalivaCytokinesBiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Mayara Martina Abatti Chiamulera Caroline Biazzolo Zancan Aline Pertile Remor Marcos Freitas Cordeiro Frederico Omar Gleber-Netto Antuani Rafael Baptistella Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMC Cancer Oral cancer Head and neck cancer Saliva Cytokines Biomarkers |
| title | Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Oral cancer Head and neck cancer Saliva Cytokines Biomarkers |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-07932-3 |
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