Impacts of urbanization, LULC, LST, and NDVI changes on the static water table with possible solutions and water policy discussions: A case from Islamabad, Pakistan
Rapid urbanization, coupled with land use land cover changes (LULC), has caused stress on freshwater resources around the globe. As in the case of Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, the population has increased significantly, creating a deficit of natural resources and affecting the environment adv...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1018500/full |
| _version_ | 1811168320388333568 |
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| author | Muhammad Tayyab Sohail Zaira Manzoor Muhsan Ehsan Nadhir Al-Ansari Muhammad Bashir Khan Ahsan Shafi Jar Ullah Asrar Hussain Danish Raza Umar Usman Sameem Akbar Ahmed Elbeltagi |
| author_facet | Muhammad Tayyab Sohail Zaira Manzoor Muhsan Ehsan Nadhir Al-Ansari Muhammad Bashir Khan Ahsan Shafi Jar Ullah Asrar Hussain Danish Raza Umar Usman Sameem Akbar Ahmed Elbeltagi |
| author_sort | Muhammad Tayyab Sohail |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rapid urbanization, coupled with land use land cover changes (LULC), has caused stress on freshwater resources around the globe. As in the case of Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, the population has increased significantly, creating a deficit of natural resources and affecting the environment adversely. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of urbanization and LULC on the decline of the static water table in Islamabad. It also seeks to analyze water policy issues in order to achieve sustainable water resource development. The excessive pumping of the existing groundwater has exceeded the safe limit, which is justified by the constantly growing population. However, the changes in the LULC of the study area have turned many green pastures into barren land. Our research data were obtained from the Capital Development Authority (CDA), Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD), and Landsat Satellite images. After analyzing PMD and CDA data for the last 20 years (2000–2020), the results were interpreted using Arc GIS. It has been observed that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value increases as the Land Surface Temperature (LST) decreases. Therefore, the overall observation is a decreasing trend in Islamabad temperatures due to the increased vegetation in the study area during the period of 2000–2020. It was observed that there has been a considerable drop in water levels due to over-pumping in a few areas. It is primarily associated with the increasing population of the capital in the last 2 decades. This study uses a survey to explore the potential locations for check dams to enhance and recharge the groundwater aquifers in the capital, Islamabad. It suggests catchment areas throughout the Margalla Hills along with different localities, such as Rumli Village, Trail 5, and Shahdara. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T16:24:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-03e07267b54942e09ae65b26d45e4afa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T16:24:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-03e07267b54942e09ae65b26d45e4afa2023-02-09T07:21:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2023-02-011110.3389/fenvs.2023.10185001018500Impacts of urbanization, LULC, LST, and NDVI changes on the static water table with possible solutions and water policy discussions: A case from Islamabad, PakistanMuhammad Tayyab Sohail0Zaira Manzoor1Muhsan Ehsan2Nadhir Al-Ansari3Muhammad Bashir Khan4Ahsan Shafi5Jar Ullah6Asrar Hussain7Danish Raza8Umar Usman9Sameem Akbar10Ahmed Elbeltagi11School of Public Administration, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Government & Public Policy (GPP), Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University (NDU), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanCivil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, SwedenDepartment of Government & Public Policy (GPP), Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University (NDU), Islamabad, PakistanSchool of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, ChinaInstitute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanState Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanAgricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptRapid urbanization, coupled with land use land cover changes (LULC), has caused stress on freshwater resources around the globe. As in the case of Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, the population has increased significantly, creating a deficit of natural resources and affecting the environment adversely. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of urbanization and LULC on the decline of the static water table in Islamabad. It also seeks to analyze water policy issues in order to achieve sustainable water resource development. The excessive pumping of the existing groundwater has exceeded the safe limit, which is justified by the constantly growing population. However, the changes in the LULC of the study area have turned many green pastures into barren land. Our research data were obtained from the Capital Development Authority (CDA), Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD), and Landsat Satellite images. After analyzing PMD and CDA data for the last 20 years (2000–2020), the results were interpreted using Arc GIS. It has been observed that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value increases as the Land Surface Temperature (LST) decreases. Therefore, the overall observation is a decreasing trend in Islamabad temperatures due to the increased vegetation in the study area during the period of 2000–2020. It was observed that there has been a considerable drop in water levels due to over-pumping in a few areas. It is primarily associated with the increasing population of the capital in the last 2 decades. This study uses a survey to explore the potential locations for check dams to enhance and recharge the groundwater aquifers in the capital, Islamabad. It suggests catchment areas throughout the Margalla Hills along with different localities, such as Rumli Village, Trail 5, and Shahdara.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1018500/fullurbanizationland use land cover (LULC)water tablerapid growthNDVIgroundwater |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Tayyab Sohail Zaira Manzoor Muhsan Ehsan Nadhir Al-Ansari Muhammad Bashir Khan Ahsan Shafi Jar Ullah Asrar Hussain Danish Raza Umar Usman Sameem Akbar Ahmed Elbeltagi Impacts of urbanization, LULC, LST, and NDVI changes on the static water table with possible solutions and water policy discussions: A case from Islamabad, Pakistan Frontiers in Environmental Science urbanization land use land cover (LULC) water table rapid growth NDVI groundwater |
| title | Impacts of urbanization, LULC, LST, and NDVI changes on the static water table with possible solutions and water policy discussions: A case from Islamabad, Pakistan |
| title_full | Impacts of urbanization, LULC, LST, and NDVI changes on the static water table with possible solutions and water policy discussions: A case from Islamabad, Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of urbanization, LULC, LST, and NDVI changes on the static water table with possible solutions and water policy discussions: A case from Islamabad, Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of urbanization, LULC, LST, and NDVI changes on the static water table with possible solutions and water policy discussions: A case from Islamabad, Pakistan |
| title_short | Impacts of urbanization, LULC, LST, and NDVI changes on the static water table with possible solutions and water policy discussions: A case from Islamabad, Pakistan |
| title_sort | impacts of urbanization lulc lst and ndvi changes on the static water table with possible solutions and water policy discussions a case from islamabad pakistan |
| topic | urbanization land use land cover (LULC) water table rapid growth NDVI groundwater |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1018500/full |
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