Pretreatment of Glucose–Fructose Syrup with Ceramic Membrane Ultrafiltration Coupled with Activated Carbon
Ceramic membranes are applied to remove non-sugar impurities, including proteins, colloids and starch, from glucose–fructose syrup that is dissolved from raw sugar using acid. The performance of ceramic membranes with 0.05 μm pores in clarifying high-fructose syrup was investigated under various ope...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/14/3/57 |
| _version_ | 1797240039851163648 |
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| author | Fangxue Hang Hongmei Xu Caifeng Xie Kai Li Tao Wen Lidan Meng |
| author_facet | Fangxue Hang Hongmei Xu Caifeng Xie Kai Li Tao Wen Lidan Meng |
| author_sort | Fangxue Hang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ceramic membranes are applied to remove non-sugar impurities, including proteins, colloids and starch, from glucose–fructose syrup that is dissolved from raw sugar using acid. The performance of ceramic membranes with 0.05 μm pores in clarifying high-fructose syrup was investigated under various operating conditions. The flux decreased rapidly at the start of the experiment and then tended to stabilize at a temperature of 90 °C, a transmembrane pressure of 2.5 bar, and cross-flow velocity of 5 m/s under total reflux operation. Moreover, the steady-state flux was measured at 181.65 Lm<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, and the turbidity of glucose–fructose syrup was reduced from 92.15 NTU to 0.70 NTU. Although membrane fouling is inevitable, it can be effectively controlled by developing a practical approach to regenerating membranes. Mathematical model predictions, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that foulants primarily responsible for fouling are composed of polysaccharides, proteins, sucrose, phenols, and some metal elements, such as calcium, aluminum, and potassium. Due to the removal of suspended colloidal solids, the membrane-filtered glucose–fructose syrup was decolorized using activated carbon; the filtration rate was effectively improved. A linear relationship between volume increase in syrup and time was observed. A decolorization rate of 90% can be obtained by adding 0.6 (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) % of activated carbon. The pretreatment of glucose–fructose syrup using a ceramic membrane coupled with activated carbon results in low turbidity and color value. This information is essential for advancing glucose–fructose syrup and crystalline fructose production technology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:01:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-03e1902ee20e4073b26227a31522968d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:01:06Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-03e1902ee20e4073b26227a31522968d2024-03-27T13:54:00ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752024-02-011435710.3390/membranes14030057Pretreatment of Glucose–Fructose Syrup with Ceramic Membrane Ultrafiltration Coupled with Activated CarbonFangxue Hang0Hongmei Xu1Caifeng Xie2Kai Li3Tao Wen4Lidan Meng5Light Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaLight Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaLight Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaLight Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Product Quality Inspection Research Institute, Nanning 530004, ChinaLight Industry and Chemical Engineering College, Guangxi Vocational & Technical Institute of Industry, Nanning 530004, ChinaCeramic membranes are applied to remove non-sugar impurities, including proteins, colloids and starch, from glucose–fructose syrup that is dissolved from raw sugar using acid. The performance of ceramic membranes with 0.05 μm pores in clarifying high-fructose syrup was investigated under various operating conditions. The flux decreased rapidly at the start of the experiment and then tended to stabilize at a temperature of 90 °C, a transmembrane pressure of 2.5 bar, and cross-flow velocity of 5 m/s under total reflux operation. Moreover, the steady-state flux was measured at 181.65 Lm<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, and the turbidity of glucose–fructose syrup was reduced from 92.15 NTU to 0.70 NTU. Although membrane fouling is inevitable, it can be effectively controlled by developing a practical approach to regenerating membranes. Mathematical model predictions, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that foulants primarily responsible for fouling are composed of polysaccharides, proteins, sucrose, phenols, and some metal elements, such as calcium, aluminum, and potassium. Due to the removal of suspended colloidal solids, the membrane-filtered glucose–fructose syrup was decolorized using activated carbon; the filtration rate was effectively improved. A linear relationship between volume increase in syrup and time was observed. A decolorization rate of 90% can be obtained by adding 0.6 (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) % of activated carbon. The pretreatment of glucose–fructose syrup using a ceramic membrane coupled with activated carbon results in low turbidity and color value. This information is essential for advancing glucose–fructose syrup and crystalline fructose production technology.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/14/3/57ceramic membraneultrafiltrationglucose–fructose syrupmembrane foulingcleaning |
| spellingShingle | Fangxue Hang Hongmei Xu Caifeng Xie Kai Li Tao Wen Lidan Meng Pretreatment of Glucose–Fructose Syrup with Ceramic Membrane Ultrafiltration Coupled with Activated Carbon Membranes ceramic membrane ultrafiltration glucose–fructose syrup membrane fouling cleaning |
| title | Pretreatment of Glucose–Fructose Syrup with Ceramic Membrane Ultrafiltration Coupled with Activated Carbon |
| title_full | Pretreatment of Glucose–Fructose Syrup with Ceramic Membrane Ultrafiltration Coupled with Activated Carbon |
| title_fullStr | Pretreatment of Glucose–Fructose Syrup with Ceramic Membrane Ultrafiltration Coupled with Activated Carbon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pretreatment of Glucose–Fructose Syrup with Ceramic Membrane Ultrafiltration Coupled with Activated Carbon |
| title_short | Pretreatment of Glucose–Fructose Syrup with Ceramic Membrane Ultrafiltration Coupled with Activated Carbon |
| title_sort | pretreatment of glucose fructose syrup with ceramic membrane ultrafiltration coupled with activated carbon |
| topic | ceramic membrane ultrafiltration glucose–fructose syrup membrane fouling cleaning |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/14/3/57 |
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