Real-world effectiveness of full and booster mRNA vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 against disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases: A propensity score-matched cohort study using the nationwide registry data in Japan
Background: To date, few studies from the Asian region have reported the effectiveness of messenger ribonucleic acid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines against disease progression and death after hospitalization. Methods: We evaluated the data from the COVID-19 registry in Japan during the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002165 |
| _version_ | 1797320936682160128 |
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| author | Tetsuya Suzuki Yusuke Asai Shinya Tsuzuki Hidetoshi Nomoto Nobuaki Matsunaga Eiichi N. Kodama Kayoko Hayakawa Norio Ohmagari |
| author_facet | Tetsuya Suzuki Yusuke Asai Shinya Tsuzuki Hidetoshi Nomoto Nobuaki Matsunaga Eiichi N. Kodama Kayoko Hayakawa Norio Ohmagari |
| author_sort | Tetsuya Suzuki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: To date, few studies from the Asian region have reported the effectiveness of messenger ribonucleic acid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines against disease progression and death after hospitalization. Methods: We evaluated the data from the COVID-19 registry in Japan during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases. A propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted between the incompletely (0–1 dose) and fully (2 doses) vaccinated groups during the delta-dominant phase and among the incompletely, fully, and booster (3 doses) vaccinated groups during the omicron-dominant phase. Results: In the delta-dominant phase, 411 pairs were matched. The fully vaccinated group showed a significantly lower oxygen supplementation rate (24.1 % vs. 41.1 %, p < 0.001) but little difference in the mortality rate (2.2 % vs. 2.9 %, p = 0.66). In the omicron-dominant phase, 1494 pairs from the incompletely and fully vaccinated groups, and 425 pairs from the fully and booster vaccinated groups were matched. Full vaccination reduced both the oxygen supplementation rate (18.6 % vs 25.7 %, p < 0.001) and mortality rate (0.7 % vs 2.3 %, p < 0.001). Booster vaccination showed little difference in either the rate of oxygen supplementation (21.2 % vs. 24.7 %, p = 0.25) or mortality (1.2 % vs. 2.6 %, p = 0.21) compared with full vaccination. Conclusions: Full vaccination reduced disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases; booster vaccination did not further enhance the protective effects against disease progression during the omicron-dominant phase compared to full vaccination. Future vaccine strategies and policy decisions should consider preventing infection or disease progression in the target population, as well as the characteristics of the dominant variant in that phase. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:50:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0412faac43d54ce5aafc972df6be0b3b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1684-1182 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:50:16Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection |
| spelling | doaj.art-0412faac43d54ce5aafc972df6be0b3b2024-02-08T05:06:19ZengElsevierJournal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection1684-11822024-02-015712029Real-world effectiveness of full and booster mRNA vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 against disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases: A propensity score-matched cohort study using the nationwide registry data in JapanTetsuya Suzuki0Yusuke Asai1Shinya Tsuzuki2Hidetoshi Nomoto3Nobuaki Matsunaga4Eiichi N. Kodama5Kayoko Hayakawa6Norio Ohmagari7Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; Corresponding author. Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan. Fax: +81 3 6228-0738.AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDisease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDisease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, JapanAMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDivision of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDisease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, JapanEmerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, JapanBackground: To date, few studies from the Asian region have reported the effectiveness of messenger ribonucleic acid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines against disease progression and death after hospitalization. Methods: We evaluated the data from the COVID-19 registry in Japan during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases. A propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted between the incompletely (0–1 dose) and fully (2 doses) vaccinated groups during the delta-dominant phase and among the incompletely, fully, and booster (3 doses) vaccinated groups during the omicron-dominant phase. Results: In the delta-dominant phase, 411 pairs were matched. The fully vaccinated group showed a significantly lower oxygen supplementation rate (24.1 % vs. 41.1 %, p < 0.001) but little difference in the mortality rate (2.2 % vs. 2.9 %, p = 0.66). In the omicron-dominant phase, 1494 pairs from the incompletely and fully vaccinated groups, and 425 pairs from the fully and booster vaccinated groups were matched. Full vaccination reduced both the oxygen supplementation rate (18.6 % vs 25.7 %, p < 0.001) and mortality rate (0.7 % vs 2.3 %, p < 0.001). Booster vaccination showed little difference in either the rate of oxygen supplementation (21.2 % vs. 24.7 %, p = 0.25) or mortality (1.2 % vs. 2.6 %, p = 0.21) compared with full vaccination. Conclusions: Full vaccination reduced disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases; booster vaccination did not further enhance the protective effects against disease progression during the omicron-dominant phase compared to full vaccination. Future vaccine strategies and policy decisions should consider preventing infection or disease progression in the target population, as well as the characteristics of the dominant variant in that phase.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002165Booster vaccinationCoronavirusDelta variantOmicron variantVaccine effectiveness |
| spellingShingle | Tetsuya Suzuki Yusuke Asai Shinya Tsuzuki Hidetoshi Nomoto Nobuaki Matsunaga Eiichi N. Kodama Kayoko Hayakawa Norio Ohmagari Real-world effectiveness of full and booster mRNA vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 against disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases: A propensity score-matched cohort study using the nationwide registry data in Japan Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection Booster vaccination Coronavirus Delta variant Omicron variant Vaccine effectiveness |
| title | Real-world effectiveness of full and booster mRNA vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 against disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases: A propensity score-matched cohort study using the nationwide registry data in Japan |
| title_full | Real-world effectiveness of full and booster mRNA vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 against disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases: A propensity score-matched cohort study using the nationwide registry data in Japan |
| title_fullStr | Real-world effectiveness of full and booster mRNA vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 against disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases: A propensity score-matched cohort study using the nationwide registry data in Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real-world effectiveness of full and booster mRNA vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 against disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases: A propensity score-matched cohort study using the nationwide registry data in Japan |
| title_short | Real-world effectiveness of full and booster mRNA vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 against disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases: A propensity score-matched cohort study using the nationwide registry data in Japan |
| title_sort | real world effectiveness of full and booster mrna vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 against disease severity during the delta and omicron dominant phases a propensity score matched cohort study using the nationwide registry data in japan |
| topic | Booster vaccination Coronavirus Delta variant Omicron variant Vaccine effectiveness |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002165 |
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