Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Evidence
Infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, have been linked to pathogenesis of human cancers, whereas viruses and bacteria account for more than 99% of infection associated cancers. The human microbiome consists of not only bacteria, but also viruses and fungi. The microbi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/2/425 |
| _version_ | 1797495294479302656 |
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| author | Ikuko Kato Jilei Zhang Jun Sun |
| author_facet | Ikuko Kato Jilei Zhang Jun Sun |
| author_sort | Ikuko Kato |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, have been linked to pathogenesis of human cancers, whereas viruses and bacteria account for more than 99% of infection associated cancers. The human microbiome consists of not only bacteria, but also viruses and fungi. The microbiome co-residing in specific anatomic niches may modulate oncologic potentials of infectious agents in carcinogenesis. In this review, we focused on interactions between viruses and bacteria for cancers arising from the orodigestive tract and the female genital tract. We examined the interactions of these two different biological entities in the context of human carcinogenesis in the following three fashions: (1) direct interactions, (2) indirect interactions, and (3) no interaction between the two groups, but both acting on the same host carcinogenic pathways, yielding synergistic or additive effects in human cancers, e.g., head and neck cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and cervical cancer. We discuss the progress in the current literature and summarize the mechanisms of host-viral-bacterial interactions in various human cancers. Our goal was to evaluate existing evidence and identify gaps in the knowledge for future directions in infection and cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:45:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0414f842a31c464d83290594e15c8518 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:45:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-0414f842a31c464d83290594e15c85182023-11-23T13:14:47ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-01-0114242510.3390/cancers14020425Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory EvidenceIkuko Kato0Jilei Zhang1Jun Sun2Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USAInfectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, have been linked to pathogenesis of human cancers, whereas viruses and bacteria account for more than 99% of infection associated cancers. The human microbiome consists of not only bacteria, but also viruses and fungi. The microbiome co-residing in specific anatomic niches may modulate oncologic potentials of infectious agents in carcinogenesis. In this review, we focused on interactions between viruses and bacteria for cancers arising from the orodigestive tract and the female genital tract. We examined the interactions of these two different biological entities in the context of human carcinogenesis in the following three fashions: (1) direct interactions, (2) indirect interactions, and (3) no interaction between the two groups, but both acting on the same host carcinogenic pathways, yielding synergistic or additive effects in human cancers, e.g., head and neck cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and cervical cancer. We discuss the progress in the current literature and summarize the mechanisms of host-viral-bacterial interactions in various human cancers. Our goal was to evaluate existing evidence and identify gaps in the knowledge for future directions in infection and cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/2/425oncovirusesbacteriophages<i>Helicobacter</i>sexually transmitted diseaseperiodontal pathogensdysbiosis |
| spellingShingle | Ikuko Kato Jilei Zhang Jun Sun Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Evidence Cancers oncoviruses bacteriophages <i>Helicobacter</i> sexually transmitted disease periodontal pathogens dysbiosis |
| title | Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Evidence |
| title_full | Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Evidence |
| title_fullStr | Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Evidence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Evidence |
| title_short | Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Evidence |
| title_sort | bacterial viral interactions in human orodigestive and female genital tract cancers a summary of epidemiologic and laboratory evidence |
| topic | oncoviruses bacteriophages <i>Helicobacter</i> sexually transmitted disease periodontal pathogens dysbiosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/2/425 |
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