Iodine Intake Estimated by 24 h Urine Collection in the Italian Adult Population: 2008–2012 Survey
Monitoring the population iodine status is essential for iodine deficiency eradication. This study assessed the average dietary iodine intake and the iodine status of a random sample of the Italian general adult population. The study population included 2378 adults aged 35–79 years (1229 men and 114...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1529 |
| _version_ | 1797535467181178880 |
|---|---|
| author | Roberto Iacone Paola Iaccarino Idelson Pietro Formisano Ornella Russo Cinzia Lo Noce Chiara Donfrancesco Paolo Emidio Macchia Luigi Palmieri Daniela Galeone Andrea di Lenarda Simona Giampaoli Pasquale Strazzullo |
| author_facet | Roberto Iacone Paola Iaccarino Idelson Pietro Formisano Ornella Russo Cinzia Lo Noce Chiara Donfrancesco Paolo Emidio Macchia Luigi Palmieri Daniela Galeone Andrea di Lenarda Simona Giampaoli Pasquale Strazzullo |
| author_sort | Roberto Iacone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Monitoring the population iodine status is essential for iodine deficiency eradication. This study assessed the average dietary iodine intake and the iodine status of a random sample of the Italian general adult population. The study population included 2378 adults aged 35–79 years (1229 men and 1149 women) from all 20 Italian regions, participating in the Osservatorio Epidemiologico Cardiovascolare/Health Examination Survey 2008–2012 (OEC/HES), and were examined for iodine intake in the framework of the MINISAL-GIRCSI Programme. Dietary iodine intake was assessed by the measurement of 24 h urinary iodine excretion. The median daily iodine intake of the whole population was lower (96 µg/d, interquartile range 51–165) than the daily adequate iodine intake according to both EFSA and WHO recommendation (150 µg/d), with a significantly lower value among women (85 µg/d) compared with men (111 µg/d). Iodine intake diminished with age and increased with BMI (body mass index) in male but not in female participants, without achieving the adequate intake in any sex, age, or BMI category. In this random sample of Italian general adult population examined in 2008–2012, iodine intake still remained lower than the recommended values despite the implementation of a strategy of iodoprophylaxis based on salt iodization in 2005. These data represent a valuable reference for future monitoring of iodine status in our country. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:44:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-042afb73ce6b47fbb97207fe7fb5b0e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:44:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-042afb73ce6b47fbb97207fe7fb5b0e32023-11-21T18:07:07ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-05-01135152910.3390/nu13051529Iodine Intake Estimated by 24 h Urine Collection in the Italian Adult Population: 2008–2012 SurveyRoberto Iacone0Paola Iaccarino Idelson1Pietro Formisano2Ornella Russo3Cinzia Lo Noce4Chiara Donfrancesco5Paolo Emidio Macchia6Luigi Palmieri7Daniela Galeone8Andrea di Lenarda9Simona Giampaoli10Pasquale Strazzullo11Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, ItalyCenter for Disease Prevention and Control, Italian Ministry of Health, 00161 Rome, ItalyANMCO, Italian Association of Hospital Cardiology, 50121 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, ItalyMonitoring the population iodine status is essential for iodine deficiency eradication. This study assessed the average dietary iodine intake and the iodine status of a random sample of the Italian general adult population. The study population included 2378 adults aged 35–79 years (1229 men and 1149 women) from all 20 Italian regions, participating in the Osservatorio Epidemiologico Cardiovascolare/Health Examination Survey 2008–2012 (OEC/HES), and were examined for iodine intake in the framework of the MINISAL-GIRCSI Programme. Dietary iodine intake was assessed by the measurement of 24 h urinary iodine excretion. The median daily iodine intake of the whole population was lower (96 µg/d, interquartile range 51–165) than the daily adequate iodine intake according to both EFSA and WHO recommendation (150 µg/d), with a significantly lower value among women (85 µg/d) compared with men (111 µg/d). Iodine intake diminished with age and increased with BMI (body mass index) in male but not in female participants, without achieving the adequate intake in any sex, age, or BMI category. In this random sample of Italian general adult population examined in 2008–2012, iodine intake still remained lower than the recommended values despite the implementation of a strategy of iodoprophylaxis based on salt iodization in 2005. These data represent a valuable reference for future monitoring of iodine status in our country.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1529iodine prophylaxisiodine deficiency disordersthyroidadult ageiodine intake24 h urinary excretion |
| spellingShingle | Roberto Iacone Paola Iaccarino Idelson Pietro Formisano Ornella Russo Cinzia Lo Noce Chiara Donfrancesco Paolo Emidio Macchia Luigi Palmieri Daniela Galeone Andrea di Lenarda Simona Giampaoli Pasquale Strazzullo Iodine Intake Estimated by 24 h Urine Collection in the Italian Adult Population: 2008–2012 Survey Nutrients iodine prophylaxis iodine deficiency disorders thyroid adult age iodine intake 24 h urinary excretion |
| title | Iodine Intake Estimated by 24 h Urine Collection in the Italian Adult Population: 2008–2012 Survey |
| title_full | Iodine Intake Estimated by 24 h Urine Collection in the Italian Adult Population: 2008–2012 Survey |
| title_fullStr | Iodine Intake Estimated by 24 h Urine Collection in the Italian Adult Population: 2008–2012 Survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Iodine Intake Estimated by 24 h Urine Collection in the Italian Adult Population: 2008–2012 Survey |
| title_short | Iodine Intake Estimated by 24 h Urine Collection in the Italian Adult Population: 2008–2012 Survey |
| title_sort | iodine intake estimated by 24 h urine collection in the italian adult population 2008 2012 survey |
| topic | iodine prophylaxis iodine deficiency disorders thyroid adult age iodine intake 24 h urinary excretion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1529 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT robertoiacone iodineintakeestimatedby24hurinecollectionintheitalianadultpopulation20082012survey AT paolaiaccarinoidelson iodineintakeestimatedby24hurinecollectionintheitalianadultpopulation20082012survey AT pietroformisano iodineintakeestimatedby24hurinecollectionintheitalianadultpopulation20082012survey AT ornellarusso iodineintakeestimatedby24hurinecollectionintheitalianadultpopulation20082012survey AT cinzialonoce iodineintakeestimatedby24hurinecollectionintheitalianadultpopulation20082012survey AT chiaradonfrancesco iodineintakeestimatedby24hurinecollectionintheitalianadultpopulation20082012survey AT paoloemidiomacchia iodineintakeestimatedby24hurinecollectionintheitalianadultpopulation20082012survey AT luigipalmieri iodineintakeestimatedby24hurinecollectionintheitalianadultpopulation20082012survey AT danielagaleone iodineintakeestimatedby24hurinecollectionintheitalianadultpopulation20082012survey AT andreadilenarda iodineintakeestimatedby24hurinecollectionintheitalianadultpopulation20082012survey AT simonagiampaoli iodineintakeestimatedby24hurinecollectionintheitalianadultpopulation20082012survey AT pasqualestrazzullo iodineintakeestimatedby24hurinecollectionintheitalianadultpopulation20082012survey |