Meta-Analysis and Systematic Literature Review of the Genus <i>Pneumocystis</i> in Pet, Farm, Zoo, and Wild Mammal Species
A systematic literature search on <i>Pneumocystis</i> in 276 pet, farm, zoo, and wild mammal species resulted in 124 publications originating from 38 countries that were analyzed descriptively and statistically, for which inclusion and exclusion criteria were exactly defined. The range o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/11/1081 |
| _version_ | 1827639533958594560 |
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| author | Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang Anna Grenl Barbara Blasi |
| author_facet | Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang Anna Grenl Barbara Blasi |
| author_sort | Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A systematic literature search on <i>Pneumocystis</i> in 276 pet, farm, zoo, and wild mammal species resulted in 124 publications originating from 38 countries that were analyzed descriptively and statistically, for which inclusion and exclusion criteria were exactly defined. The range of recorded <i>Pneumocystis</i> prevalence was broad, yet in half of the citations a prevalence of ≤25% was documented. Prevalence was significantly dependent on the method used for <i>Pneumocystis</i> detection, with PCR revealing the highest percentages. Pet animals showed the lowest median <i>Pneumocystis</i> prevalence, followed by farm, wild, and zoo animals. In contrast, pet and farm animals showed higher proportions of high-grade infection levels compared to zoo and wild mammals. Only in individual cases, all of them associated with severe <i>Pneumocystis</i> pneumonia, was an underlying immunosuppression confirmed. Acquired immunosuppression caused by other diseases was frequently discussed, but its significance, especially in highly immunosuppressive cases, needs to be clarified. This meta-analysis supported a potential influence of the social and environmental factors of the host on <i>Pneumocystis</i> transmission in wildlife, which must be further elucidated, as well as the genetic diversity of the fungus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:41:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0434b2bfe97e4c48988e8eba55cc50a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:41:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-0434b2bfe97e4c48988e8eba55cc50a02023-11-24T14:51:03ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-11-01911108110.3390/jof9111081Meta-Analysis and Systematic Literature Review of the Genus <i>Pneumocystis</i> in Pet, Farm, Zoo, and Wild Mammal SpeciesChristiane Weissenbacher-Lang0Anna Grenl1Barbara Blasi2Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, AustriaDepartment for Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, AustriaDepartment for Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, AustriaA systematic literature search on <i>Pneumocystis</i> in 276 pet, farm, zoo, and wild mammal species resulted in 124 publications originating from 38 countries that were analyzed descriptively and statistically, for which inclusion and exclusion criteria were exactly defined. The range of recorded <i>Pneumocystis</i> prevalence was broad, yet in half of the citations a prevalence of ≤25% was documented. Prevalence was significantly dependent on the method used for <i>Pneumocystis</i> detection, with PCR revealing the highest percentages. Pet animals showed the lowest median <i>Pneumocystis</i> prevalence, followed by farm, wild, and zoo animals. In contrast, pet and farm animals showed higher proportions of high-grade infection levels compared to zoo and wild mammals. Only in individual cases, all of them associated with severe <i>Pneumocystis</i> pneumonia, was an underlying immunosuppression confirmed. Acquired immunosuppression caused by other diseases was frequently discussed, but its significance, especially in highly immunosuppressive cases, needs to be clarified. This meta-analysis supported a potential influence of the social and environmental factors of the host on <i>Pneumocystis</i> transmission in wildlife, which must be further elucidated, as well as the genetic diversity of the fungus.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/11/1081<i>Pneumocystis</i> speciesanimalprevalencedetection methodlevel of infectionlung lesions |
| spellingShingle | Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang Anna Grenl Barbara Blasi Meta-Analysis and Systematic Literature Review of the Genus <i>Pneumocystis</i> in Pet, Farm, Zoo, and Wild Mammal Species Journal of Fungi <i>Pneumocystis</i> species animal prevalence detection method level of infection lung lesions |
| title | Meta-Analysis and Systematic Literature Review of the Genus <i>Pneumocystis</i> in Pet, Farm, Zoo, and Wild Mammal Species |
| title_full | Meta-Analysis and Systematic Literature Review of the Genus <i>Pneumocystis</i> in Pet, Farm, Zoo, and Wild Mammal Species |
| title_fullStr | Meta-Analysis and Systematic Literature Review of the Genus <i>Pneumocystis</i> in Pet, Farm, Zoo, and Wild Mammal Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Meta-Analysis and Systematic Literature Review of the Genus <i>Pneumocystis</i> in Pet, Farm, Zoo, and Wild Mammal Species |
| title_short | Meta-Analysis and Systematic Literature Review of the Genus <i>Pneumocystis</i> in Pet, Farm, Zoo, and Wild Mammal Species |
| title_sort | meta analysis and systematic literature review of the genus i pneumocystis i in pet farm zoo and wild mammal species |
| topic | <i>Pneumocystis</i> species animal prevalence detection method level of infection lung lesions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/11/1081 |
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