Evolutionary Comparisons of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Genomes from Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>), Olive Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i>) and Kemp’s Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys kempii</i>) Sea Turtles
The spreading global sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) epizootic is threatening some of Earth’s ancient reptiles, adding to the plethora of threats faced by these keystone species. Understanding this neoplastic disease and its likely aetiological pathogen, chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), is c...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/9/2489 |
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| author | Liam Whitmore Kelsey Yetsko Jessica A. Farrell Annie Page-Karjian Whitney Daniel Donna J. Shaver Hilary R. Frandsen Jennifer Shelby Walker Whitney Crowder Caitlin Bovery Devon Rollinson Ramia Brooke Burkhalter Elizabeth Ryan David J. Duffy |
| author_facet | Liam Whitmore Kelsey Yetsko Jessica A. Farrell Annie Page-Karjian Whitney Daniel Donna J. Shaver Hilary R. Frandsen Jennifer Shelby Walker Whitney Crowder Caitlin Bovery Devon Rollinson Ramia Brooke Burkhalter Elizabeth Ryan David J. Duffy |
| author_sort | Liam Whitmore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The spreading global sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) epizootic is threatening some of Earth’s ancient reptiles, adding to the plethora of threats faced by these keystone species. Understanding this neoplastic disease and its likely aetiological pathogen, chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), is crucial to understand how the disease impacts sea turtle populations and species and the future trajectory of disease incidence. We generated 20 ChHV5 genomes, from three sea turtle species, to better understand the viral variant diversity and gene evolution of this oncogenic virus. We revealed previously underappreciated genetic diversity within this virus (with an average of 2035 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 1.54% of the ChHV5 genome) and identified genes under the strongest evolutionary pressure. Furthermore, we investigated the phylogeny of ChHV5 at both genome and gene level, confirming the propensity of the virus to be interspecific, with related variants able to infect multiple sea turtle species. Finally, we revealed unexpected intra-host diversity, with up to 0.15% of the viral genome varying between ChHV5 genomes isolated from different tumours concurrently arising within the same individual. These findings offer important insights into ChHV5 biology and provide genomic resources for this oncogenic virus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:57:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-043e87d5293c40e28180cef4e16adddf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:57:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-043e87d5293c40e28180cef4e16adddf2023-11-22T11:40:53ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-08-01119248910.3390/ani11092489Evolutionary Comparisons of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Genomes from Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>), Olive Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i>) and Kemp’s Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys kempii</i>) Sea TurtlesLiam Whitmore0Kelsey Yetsko1Jessica A. Farrell2Annie Page-Karjian3Whitney Daniel4Donna J. Shaver5Hilary R. Frandsen6Jennifer Shelby Walker7Whitney Crowder8Caitlin Bovery9Devon Rollinson Ramia10Brooke Burkhalter11Elizabeth Ryan12David J. Duffy13Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USAWhitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USAWhitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USAHarbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USASouth Carolina Aquarium, 100 Aquarium Wharf, Charleston, SC 29401, USADivision of Sea Turtle Science and Recovery, Padre Island National Seashore, Corpus Christi, TX 78480, USADivision of Sea Turtle Science and Recovery, Padre Island National Seashore, Corpus Christi, TX 78480, USADivision of Sea Turtle Science and Recovery, Padre Island National Seashore, Corpus Christi, TX 78480, USAGumbo Limbo Nature Center, Boca Raton, FL 33432, USAGumbo Limbo Nature Center, Boca Raton, FL 33432, USAWhitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USAWhitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, IrelandWhitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USAThe spreading global sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) epizootic is threatening some of Earth’s ancient reptiles, adding to the plethora of threats faced by these keystone species. Understanding this neoplastic disease and its likely aetiological pathogen, chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), is crucial to understand how the disease impacts sea turtle populations and species and the future trajectory of disease incidence. We generated 20 ChHV5 genomes, from three sea turtle species, to better understand the viral variant diversity and gene evolution of this oncogenic virus. We revealed previously underappreciated genetic diversity within this virus (with an average of 2035 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 1.54% of the ChHV5 genome) and identified genes under the strongest evolutionary pressure. Furthermore, we investigated the phylogeny of ChHV5 at both genome and gene level, confirming the propensity of the virus to be interspecific, with related variants able to infect multiple sea turtle species. Finally, we revealed unexpected intra-host diversity, with up to 0.15% of the viral genome varying between ChHV5 genomes isolated from different tumours concurrently arising within the same individual. These findings offer important insights into ChHV5 biology and provide genomic resources for this oncogenic virus.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/9/2489CFPHVChHV5phylogeneticsphylogenomicsviral evolution and diversitymarine turtles |
| spellingShingle | Liam Whitmore Kelsey Yetsko Jessica A. Farrell Annie Page-Karjian Whitney Daniel Donna J. Shaver Hilary R. Frandsen Jennifer Shelby Walker Whitney Crowder Caitlin Bovery Devon Rollinson Ramia Brooke Burkhalter Elizabeth Ryan David J. Duffy Evolutionary Comparisons of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Genomes from Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>), Olive Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i>) and Kemp’s Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys kempii</i>) Sea Turtles Animals CFPHV ChHV5 phylogenetics phylogenomics viral evolution and diversity marine turtles |
| title | Evolutionary Comparisons of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Genomes from Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>), Olive Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i>) and Kemp’s Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys kempii</i>) Sea Turtles |
| title_full | Evolutionary Comparisons of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Genomes from Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>), Olive Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i>) and Kemp’s Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys kempii</i>) Sea Turtles |
| title_fullStr | Evolutionary Comparisons of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Genomes from Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>), Olive Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i>) and Kemp’s Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys kempii</i>) Sea Turtles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary Comparisons of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Genomes from Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>), Olive Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i>) and Kemp’s Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys kempii</i>) Sea Turtles |
| title_short | Evolutionary Comparisons of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Genomes from Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>), Olive Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys olivacea</i>) and Kemp’s Ridley (<i>Lepidochelys kempii</i>) Sea Turtles |
| title_sort | evolutionary comparisons of chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 chhv5 genomes from fibropapillomatosis afflicted green i chelonia mydas i olive ridley i lepidochelys olivacea i and kemp s ridley i lepidochelys kempii i sea turtles |
| topic | CFPHV ChHV5 phylogenetics phylogenomics viral evolution and diversity marine turtles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/9/2489 |
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