Metabolic Profile and Mycoherbicidal Activity of Three <i>Alternaria alternata</i> Isolates for the Control of <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Sonchus oleraceus</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i>
<i>Alternaria alternata</i> isolates C1, S1, and X3 were isolated respectively from the weeds <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Sonchus oleraceus</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i> in Algiers during 2016 and identified by morphological and molecular ana...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1448 |
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| author | Nesma Abdessemed Alessia Staropoli Nadjia Zermane Francesco Vinale |
| author_facet | Nesma Abdessemed Alessia Staropoli Nadjia Zermane Francesco Vinale |
| author_sort | Nesma Abdessemed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Alternaria alternata</i> isolates C1, S1, and X3 were isolated respectively from the weeds <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Sonchus oleraceus</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i> in Algiers during 2016 and identified by morphological and molecular analyses. The aim of this investigation was to chemically characterize the exometabolome of these fungi and to evaluate the myco-herbicidal potential of their culture filtrates, crude extracts, or fractions towards target weeds. Results revealed a great heterogeneity in the biochemical profiles of the exometabolome with the remarkable presence of two compounds: tenuazonic acid (TeA) and triprenyl phenol-7 (SMTP-7). To the best of our knowledge, SMTP-7—found in all the isolates—as well as 12-methoxycitromycin detected in the culture filtrate of isolate C1, have never been reported to be produced by <i>A. alternata</i>. Some fractions of isolates C1 and S1 showed symptoms (necrosis and chlorosis) on the detached leaves of <i>C. arvensis</i> and <i>S. oleraceus</i>, respectively with up to 100% phytotoxic effect at low concentration. In conclusion, biochemical characterization revealed great difference of C1, S1, and X3 exometabolome that is likely to explain the difference in their phytotoxic activity. Some fractions (d<sub>1</sub>, e<sub>1</sub>, h<sub>1</sub>, i<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, and f<sub>2</sub>) of isolates C1 and S1 of <i>A. alternata</i> caused severe necrosis and chlorosis on the injured detached leaves of <i>C. arvensis</i> and <i>S. oleraceus,</i> respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:09:33Z |
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| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:09:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-044093229f654e899fac94764b094aed2023-11-23T00:53:28ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-11-011011144810.3390/pathogens10111448Metabolic Profile and Mycoherbicidal Activity of Three <i>Alternaria alternata</i> Isolates for the Control of <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Sonchus oleraceus</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i>Nesma Abdessemed0Alessia Staropoli1Nadjia Zermane2Francesco Vinale3Department of Botany, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie (ENSA, ex. INA), 16200 Algiers, AlgeriaDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyFaculty of Sciences, University of Algiers, 16002 Algiers, AlgeriaInstitute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Via Università, 80055 Portici, Italy<i>Alternaria alternata</i> isolates C1, S1, and X3 were isolated respectively from the weeds <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Sonchus oleraceus</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i> in Algiers during 2016 and identified by morphological and molecular analyses. The aim of this investigation was to chemically characterize the exometabolome of these fungi and to evaluate the myco-herbicidal potential of their culture filtrates, crude extracts, or fractions towards target weeds. Results revealed a great heterogeneity in the biochemical profiles of the exometabolome with the remarkable presence of two compounds: tenuazonic acid (TeA) and triprenyl phenol-7 (SMTP-7). To the best of our knowledge, SMTP-7—found in all the isolates—as well as 12-methoxycitromycin detected in the culture filtrate of isolate C1, have never been reported to be produced by <i>A. alternata</i>. Some fractions of isolates C1 and S1 showed symptoms (necrosis and chlorosis) on the detached leaves of <i>C. arvensis</i> and <i>S. oleraceus</i>, respectively with up to 100% phytotoxic effect at low concentration. In conclusion, biochemical characterization revealed great difference of C1, S1, and X3 exometabolome that is likely to explain the difference in their phytotoxic activity. Some fractions (d<sub>1</sub>, e<sub>1</sub>, h<sub>1</sub>, i<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, and f<sub>2</sub>) of isolates C1 and S1 of <i>A. alternata</i> caused severe necrosis and chlorosis on the injured detached leaves of <i>C. arvensis</i> and <i>S. oleraceus,</i> respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1448metabolomicsmass spectrometrytenuazonicacidSMTP-7 |
| spellingShingle | Nesma Abdessemed Alessia Staropoli Nadjia Zermane Francesco Vinale Metabolic Profile and Mycoherbicidal Activity of Three <i>Alternaria alternata</i> Isolates for the Control of <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Sonchus oleraceus</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i> Pathogens metabolomics mass spectrometry tenuazonicacid SMTP-7 |
| title | Metabolic Profile and Mycoherbicidal Activity of Three <i>Alternaria alternata</i> Isolates for the Control of <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Sonchus oleraceus</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i> |
| title_full | Metabolic Profile and Mycoherbicidal Activity of Three <i>Alternaria alternata</i> Isolates for the Control of <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Sonchus oleraceus</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i> |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic Profile and Mycoherbicidal Activity of Three <i>Alternaria alternata</i> Isolates for the Control of <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Sonchus oleraceus</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Profile and Mycoherbicidal Activity of Three <i>Alternaria alternata</i> Isolates for the Control of <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Sonchus oleraceus</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i> |
| title_short | Metabolic Profile and Mycoherbicidal Activity of Three <i>Alternaria alternata</i> Isolates for the Control of <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Sonchus oleraceus</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i> |
| title_sort | metabolic profile and mycoherbicidal activity of three i alternaria alternata i isolates for the control of i convolvulus arvensis i i sonchus oleraceus i and i xanthium strumarium i |
| topic | metabolomics mass spectrometry tenuazonicacid SMTP-7 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1448 |
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