Thermodynamic Behavior of Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-Ag Powder Mixtures during Selective Laser Melting
Additive manufacturing is a form of powder metallurgy, which means the properties of the initial metal powders (chemical composition, powder morphology and size) impact the final properties of the resulting parts. A complete characterization, including thermodynamic effects and the behavior of the m...
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/2/234 |
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| author | Jakob Kraner Jožef Medved Matjaž Godec Irena Paulin |
| author_facet | Jakob Kraner Jožef Medved Matjaž Godec Irena Paulin |
| author_sort | Jakob Kraner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Additive manufacturing is a form of powder metallurgy, which means the properties of the initial metal powders (chemical composition, powder morphology and size) impact the final properties of the resulting parts. A complete characterization, including thermodynamic effects and the behavior of the metal powders at elevated temperatures, is crucial when planning the manufacturing process. The analysis of the Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-Ag powder mixtures, made from pure elemental powders, shows a high susceptibility to sintering in the temperature interval from 700 to 1000 °C. Here, numerous changes to the manganese oxides and the αMn to βMn transformation occurred. The problems of mechanically mixed powders, when using selective laser melting, were highlighted by the low flowability, which led to a less controllable process, an uncontrolled arrangement of the powder and a large percentage of burnt manganese. All this was determined from the altered chemical compositions of the produced parts. The impact of the increased manganese content on the decreased probability of the transformation from γ-austenite to ε-martensite was confirmed. The ε-martensite in the microstructure increased the hardness of the material, but at the same time, its magnetic properties reduce the usefulness for medical applications. However, the produced parts had comparable elongations to human bone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:20:22Z |
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| id | doaj.art-04424ed1ae1a44e79437a7fdb36b7554 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:20:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-04424ed1ae1a44e79437a7fdb36b75542023-12-03T11:47:26ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-01-0111223410.3390/met11020234Thermodynamic Behavior of Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-Ag Powder Mixtures during Selective Laser MeltingJakob Kraner0Jožef Medved1Matjaž Godec2Irena Paulin3Institute of Metals and Technology, Lepi pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Materials and Metallurgy, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Metals and Technology, Lepi pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Metals and Technology, Lepi pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaAdditive manufacturing is a form of powder metallurgy, which means the properties of the initial metal powders (chemical composition, powder morphology and size) impact the final properties of the resulting parts. A complete characterization, including thermodynamic effects and the behavior of the metal powders at elevated temperatures, is crucial when planning the manufacturing process. The analysis of the Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-Ag powder mixtures, made from pure elemental powders, shows a high susceptibility to sintering in the temperature interval from 700 to 1000 °C. Here, numerous changes to the manganese oxides and the αMn to βMn transformation occurred. The problems of mechanically mixed powders, when using selective laser melting, were highlighted by the low flowability, which led to a less controllable process, an uncontrolled arrangement of the powder and a large percentage of burnt manganese. All this was determined from the altered chemical compositions of the produced parts. The impact of the increased manganese content on the decreased probability of the transformation from γ-austenite to ε-martensite was confirmed. The ε-martensite in the microstructure increased the hardness of the material, but at the same time, its magnetic properties reduce the usefulness for medical applications. However, the produced parts had comparable elongations to human bone.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/2/234FeMn alloyspowder metallurgydifferential scanning calorimetryselective laser meltingε-martensite |
| spellingShingle | Jakob Kraner Jožef Medved Matjaž Godec Irena Paulin Thermodynamic Behavior of Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-Ag Powder Mixtures during Selective Laser Melting Metals FeMn alloys powder metallurgy differential scanning calorimetry selective laser melting ε-martensite |
| title | Thermodynamic Behavior of Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-Ag Powder Mixtures during Selective Laser Melting |
| title_full | Thermodynamic Behavior of Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-Ag Powder Mixtures during Selective Laser Melting |
| title_fullStr | Thermodynamic Behavior of Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-Ag Powder Mixtures during Selective Laser Melting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermodynamic Behavior of Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-Ag Powder Mixtures during Selective Laser Melting |
| title_short | Thermodynamic Behavior of Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-Ag Powder Mixtures during Selective Laser Melting |
| title_sort | thermodynamic behavior of fe mn and fe mn ag powder mixtures during selective laser melting |
| topic | FeMn alloys powder metallurgy differential scanning calorimetry selective laser melting ε-martensite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/2/234 |
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