Co-infection and co-localization of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: a case report
Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a multifocal vascular neoplasm frequently observed in HIV-positive individuals, primarily affects the skin, mucous membranes, visceral organs, and lymph nodes. KS is associated primarily with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. In this case report, we present...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1270935/full |
| _version_ | 1797654331698184192 |
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| author | Peter Julius Guobin Kang Stepfanie Siyumbwa Jane Musumali For Yue Tso Owen Ngalamika Trevor Kaile Fred Maate Phyllis Moonga John T. West Peter Angeletti Charles Wood |
| author_facet | Peter Julius Guobin Kang Stepfanie Siyumbwa Jane Musumali For Yue Tso Owen Ngalamika Trevor Kaile Fred Maate Phyllis Moonga John T. West Peter Angeletti Charles Wood |
| author_sort | Peter Julius |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a multifocal vascular neoplasm frequently observed in HIV-positive individuals, primarily affects the skin, mucous membranes, visceral organs, and lymph nodes. KS is associated primarily with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. In this case report, we present a rare occurrence of co-infection and co-localization of KSHV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in KS arising from the conjunctiva, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) were utilized to demonstrate the presence of KSHV and EBV infection in the ocular KS lesion. Nearly all KSHV-positive cells displayed co-infection with EBV. In addition, the KS lesion revealed co-localization of KSHV Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen (LANA) and EBV Epstein Barr virus Nuclear Antigen-1 (EBNA1) by multi-colored immunofluorescence staining with different anti-EBNA1 antibodies, indicating the possibility of interactions between these two gamma herpesviruses within the same lesion. Additional study is needed to determine whether EBV co-infection in KS is a common or an opportunistic event that might contribute to KS development and progression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T16:58:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-044c5b99504742bf803e1338784d9450 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T16:58:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-044c5b99504742bf803e1338784d94502023-10-20T13:04:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882023-10-011310.3389/fcimb.2023.12709351270935Co-infection and co-localization of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: a case reportPeter Julius0Guobin Kang1Stepfanie Siyumbwa2Jane Musumali3For Yue Tso4Owen Ngalamika5Trevor Kaile6Fred Maate7Phyllis Moonga8John T. West9Peter Angeletti10Charles Wood11Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, ZambiaDepartment of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center – New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, ZambiaUniversity Teaching Hospitals, Eye Hospital, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, ZambiaDepartment of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center – New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, ZambiaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, ZambiaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, ZambiaUniversity Teaching Hospitals, Eye Hospital, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, ZambiaDepartment of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center – New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United StatesNebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United StatesDepartment of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center – New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United StatesKaposi sarcoma (KS), a multifocal vascular neoplasm frequently observed in HIV-positive individuals, primarily affects the skin, mucous membranes, visceral organs, and lymph nodes. KS is associated primarily with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. In this case report, we present a rare occurrence of co-infection and co-localization of KSHV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in KS arising from the conjunctiva, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) were utilized to demonstrate the presence of KSHV and EBV infection in the ocular KS lesion. Nearly all KSHV-positive cells displayed co-infection with EBV. In addition, the KS lesion revealed co-localization of KSHV Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen (LANA) and EBV Epstein Barr virus Nuclear Antigen-1 (EBNA1) by multi-colored immunofluorescence staining with different anti-EBNA1 antibodies, indicating the possibility of interactions between these two gamma herpesviruses within the same lesion. Additional study is needed to determine whether EBV co-infection in KS is a common or an opportunistic event that might contribute to KS development and progression.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1270935/fullKaposi sarcomaKaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirusEpstein-Barr virusco-infectionco-localizationHIV |
| spellingShingle | Peter Julius Guobin Kang Stepfanie Siyumbwa Jane Musumali For Yue Tso Owen Ngalamika Trevor Kaile Fred Maate Phyllis Moonga John T. West Peter Angeletti Charles Wood Co-infection and co-localization of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: a case report Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Kaposi sarcoma Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus co-infection co-localization HIV |
| title | Co-infection and co-localization of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: a case report |
| title_full | Co-infection and co-localization of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: a case report |
| title_fullStr | Co-infection and co-localization of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: a case report |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-infection and co-localization of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: a case report |
| title_short | Co-infection and co-localization of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: a case report |
| title_sort | co infection and co localization of kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus and epstein barr virus in hiv associated kaposi sarcoma a case report |
| topic | Kaposi sarcoma Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus co-infection co-localization HIV |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1270935/full |
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